Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/99

BEVEB.IE. 83 REVILLOUT. I Lat. rahics, rage, from ruhcie, to rage). A word borrowed from the French, and somewhat loosely used to signify a state of mind obtaining during waking life and characterized by neglect of present surroundings, meditativeness or abstrac- tion. True reverie, like the dream of sleep, is marked by a condition of discursive, passive at- tention. There is, to be sure, abstraction, forget- fulness of one's environment, but the trend of consciousness is not toward any definite goal. Like the dream, too, the reverie is apt to be lleet- iiig and easil}' forgotten. Its faucifulness and lleetingness is but another evidence of the lack of control by active attention. Consult: Titchener, Outline of Psychology (New York, 1899) ; James, Text-book of Psychology (New York, lS'.);i); Carpenter. Mental Physiology (London, 1888). See Associ.Tiox OF Ideas; Attention; Dkeam- i>"G ; Hypnotism. REVERSION (Lat. ret-ersio, from revertcre, to turn back, from re-, back again, anew + ri'ilerc, to turn; connected with Skt. I'art, Ot'hurch Slav, vriitcti, vratiti. to turn, Goth. tcair]>an, AS. tccor'ljian. OHG. ■werdan, Ger. trerdcn, to become). A form of heredity (q.v.). Cases occur where an individual inlierits not its parents' physical or mental characteristics, but those of its grandparents, or more remote ances- tors. This happens in cultivated plants and do- mestic animals artificially bi-ed from wild forms. If such forms are neglected or return to free na- ture, i.e. run wild, they tend to •revert,' 'throw back.' i.e. to transmit the characteristics of the original wild species or variety. Darwin remarks that reversion may be divided into two classes: ( 1 ) Those occurring in a variety or race which has not been crossed, but has lost by variation some character that it formerly possessed, and which afterwards reappears; (2) all eases in which an individual with some distinguishable character, a race, or species, has at some former time been crossed, and a character derived from this cross, after having disap])eared during one or several generations, suddenly reappears. He gives extensive examples in illustration, and con- cludes that a tendency to atavism is "an inte- gral part of the general law of inheritance." In breeding zebra-hybrids by crossing mares of vari- ous sizes with a male zebra, the hybrids, says Ewart, showed a curious blending of characters, derived apparently partly from their actual and partly from their remote ancestors. As the re- sult of Ewart's exjieriments some of the liybrids in make and disposition strongly suggest their zebra sire, others their respective dams, but even the most zebra-like in form are utterly imlike their sire in their markings, probably taking after an ancestor thousands of generations re- moved. Consult: Darwin, Yariation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (London, 1888) ; Ewart, Tlte Penycuik Experiments (London, 1890). Compare Atavism. REVERSION. The residue of an estate or interest remaining in a grantor of real property who has conveyed away one or more estates in it, amounting to less than a fee simple in quality and duration. A reversion is saiil to arise by operation of law. that is, without special act of the parties to a conveyance, and in this respect it differs from a remainder, which must be created by express words in a conveyance. See Resiain- DEn. Consult the authorities referred to under KeaL I'KorEKTY. REVETMENT (Fr. revdcmciil, from rciclir, OF. receslir, to line, from re-, again + Fr. vilir, OF. vestir, to clothe, from Lat. veslirc, to clothe, from vestir, garment). An important device in both permanent and field military fortirientiunn. In the former, it is usually a retaining wall of masonry. l)uilt for the j)urpose of holding back or strengthening the earth of which the works are composed. Kevetmeiits are ordinarily used for the escarp (q.v.) and counterscarp (q.v.) of the ditch (q.v.), the more important being the escarp, which has to hold back the great mass of earth represented by the rampart, the parapet, and the banquette. It is usually of solid brickwork or stone, about 5 feet thick "at the top. and slop- ing outward as it descends (on the ditch side only) about 1 in (i. Additional strength is obtained by reinforcing the revetment wall liy nnissive but- tresses at intervals of 15 feet, called lounlerforls. and thesc again are sometimes connected and strengthened by masonry arches outside the revet- ment. In field works the amount of resistance offered by a redoubt or similar fortification to the artillery fire of an cncn)y will greatly depend on the character of the revetments, which may be of sods, timber, hurdles, or gabions (q.v.). See Fortification; Redoubt; and Siege a.nu Siege Works. REVIEW (OF., Fr. revue, from rcvoir, to re- view, from Lat. rcvidere, to see again, from re-, back again, anew + I'iderc, to see). A military parade, followed by inspection and revie^', the latter usually consisting of a salute tendered to the reviewing oHieer as the troops 'march past.' This ceremony to-day is merely an exhibition o{ number, equipment, bearing, discipline, jjliysiciue. and general condition, and consequently is treated almost exclusively as a compliment to a distin- quished visitor, or as the finale to a field day. In the United States Army, reviews m.ay be hehl by a battalion, regiment, brigade, division, or corps : but only on such occasions and for such purposes as are authorized by army regulations. REVIEW. See Periodical. REVILLE, ra'vfd', Albert (1826-). A French Protestant clergyman and author, born at Dieppe (Seine-Inferieure) . He studied at Dieppe. Geneva, and Strassburg; was for a time vicar at Ntmes, later pastor at Luneray, near Dieppe, and in 1851 became pastor of the Walloon CImrch at Rotterdam. In 187."? he returned to Dieppe, where he pursued philosophical studies until his ap- pointment as professor of the history of religions in the College de France. He also became jiresi- dent of the section of religious sciences in the Ecole Pratique dcs Hautes Etudes. He ranked as one of the most advanced representatives of the French liberal Protestantism of his time. His publications include a translation ( 1849) of Whately's Introductory Lessons on the History of Jiclii/ious Morship (London. 1849). f^.s.wis dr critique religietise (18G0: 2d ed. 18r>9). Theodore Parker, sa vie et ses aurres (18(1.') I. ltou:e ser- mons (1874), Prolfgomines de Vhistoirc des reli- gions (1881), and the TJisloire des religions (1883-801. his most extensive and important work. REVILLOUT, ra'v*'yoo', ElGfcxE (1843—). A French Egyptologist, bom at Besancon. He