the, in later Middle Ages, 525-27, 529, 531
Burgundy, Frankish, 118; Kingdom of, 166, 192-93, 213, 219, 620; Upper and Lower, 261; see also Kingdom of Aries
Burgundy, County of, 271, 510, 525, 538, 616, 626, 634
Burgundy, Duchy of, 260, 267, 271, 281, 364, 376, 421, 488, 501, 508, 525-27, 529, 541, 616, 626-27
Burgundy, House of, in later Middle Ages, 525, 614-21 , 624-26, 638
Burlesque verse, 405
Burma, 393
Burning at the stake, 411, 444, 447, 507, 565, 569, 632, 636
Business, Roman, 33-34, 67, 71; monks and, 163, 206; Arabian, 173; early medieval, 327; crusades and, 325; government and, 491, 503, 582, 585, 618, 632; Donatello and, 603; and see Banking, Bookkeeping, Capital, Coinage, Commerce, Gilds, Industry
Buttress, 421, 425, 428, 433; and see Flying buttress
Byron, Lord, quoted, 337, 397, 621
Byzant, 149, 303, 583
Byzantine art, 16, 126, 147-48, 152-53, 271, 419; 432
Byzantine architecture, 131, 143-47 , 153, 599, 601
Byzantine civilization, 167, 182, 373
Byzantine Empire, 87 , 109, 120, 122, chap. viii , 192, 224-25, 229, 270; overthrown by Fourth Crusade, 465; Mohammedanism and, 172, 176-78, 185-86, 189-90; in Italy, 154-56, 195-98, 207-09, 226-27, 265, 301-02, 341-43, 633; Macedonian and Comnenian dynasties, 308-12, 315-16, 321, 324; revived, 553~54; fall of, 558-59, 591, 607
Byzantine literature, 119, 148, 229
Byzantium, 71
Câ d'Oro, 599
Caedmon, 168
Cælian Hill, 154
Caen, 513
Cæsar, Julius, 19-20, 41-49, 58, 211, 261, 283, 413, 591
Cæsar, title of, 14, 71; and see Borgia
Cæsarea, 177
Cahiers , 501Cairo, 180, 182, 227, 318-19, 328, 608
Calabria, 196, 302
Calais, 514, 518, 522, 526, 530
Calendar, 14, 20, 83, 174, 386
Calicut, 608, 611
Caligula, Roman Emperor, 43
Caliph, 179-80, 182, 184-85, 188-89, 309-10
Caliphate of Cordova, 180, 188-89, 302
Calixtins, 569
Calvinists, 158
Cambrai, 365-66
Campania, 69
Campanile, 421, 431, 602-03
Camps, Roman, 4, 29, 435
Canary Islands, 394, 610
Canon, 418, 437; regular, 298; secular, 458
Canon Law, 294-95 , 300, 355, 377-78 , 389, 434, 475
Canonization, 154, 297, 449, 495, 504
Canossa, 290, 300
Cansonetta , 404Canterbury, Archbishop of, 164, 167, 276, 293, 296-98, 380, 436, 457-58, 475, 523, 564
Canterbury Tales , 298Cantons, Swiss, 541-42
Cape of Good Hope, 395, 609 , 611
Cape Verde Islands, 609, 611
Capetian dynasty, 266-71, 276-79, 361, 375, 456, 485, 491-92, 508, 512
Capital, in Roman Empire, 34-35; in Mohammedan Spain, 186, 188; in Middle Ages, 2-3, 243-44, 325, 329-30, 332; at Venice, 343; Italian, 355; English, 487; French, 494, 503-04; capitalist class in the towns, 523-24; German, 616; Spanish, 632
Capilani , 346Capitularies , 199, 204, 206, 214, 228Cappadocia, 114
Carcassonne, 455, 510
Cardinals, 285-86 , 290, 434~35, 503, 506, 565-68, 635, 638, 640
Carinthia, 200, 228, 261, 307, 537-38
Carloman, brother of Pepin, 194
Carloman, brother of Charlemagne, 199
Carlyle, 18
Carmelites, 451
Carmina Burana , 392, 396Carniola, 537-38
Carolingian dynasty, chap. xi , 219, 221, 232, 256, 262, 266, 277, 280, 283, 300, 360, 375
"Carolingian Renaissance," 210-11
Carpathian Mountains, 11, 17, 42, 548, 551
Carrara, House of, 580
Cartagena, 149
Carthage, 20, 23, 36, 53, 60, 83, 93, 102, 118, 135-36, 143, 178
Carthusians, 298
Casimir the Great, King of Poland, 552
