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a class gains everything by the victory of the proletariat, which brings with it: (a) liberation from the payment of rent or of a part of the crops (for instance the métayers in France, the same arrangement in Italy, etc.) to the owners of large estates. (b) Abolition of all mortgages. (c) Abolition of many forms of pressure and dependence on the owners of large estates (forests and their use, etc.). (d) Immediate help or the farming from the proletarian power (permitting use by peasants of the agricultural implements and partly the buildings on the big capitalist estates expropriated by the proletariat, immediate transformation by the proletarian state power of all rural cooperatives and agricultural companies, which under the capitalist rule were chiefly supporting the wealthy and the middle peasantry, into institutions primarily for support of the poor peasantry, that is to say, the proletarians, semi-proletarians, the small peasants), etc.
At the same time the Communist Party should be thoroughly aware that during the transitional period leading from capitalism to Communism, i. e. during the dictatorship of the proletariat, at least some partial hesitations are inevitable in this class, in favour of unrestricted free trade and free use of the rights of private property. For this class, being a seller of commodities (although on a small scale), is necessarily demoralised by profit-hunting and
