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systematically and regularly· from all the responsible posts in the Labour movement (Party organizations, editor's office, labour unions, parliamentary faction, cooperatives, municipalities, etc.) all reformists and partisans of the "centre", and to replace them by Communists without troubling about the fact that in the beginning it might be necessary to replace "experienced" men by rank-and-file workmen.
3. In all countries where in consequence of martial law or exceptional laws the Communists are unable to carry on their work lawfully, a combination of lawful and illegal work is absolutely necessary. The class struggle in almost all the countries of Europe and America is entering upon the phase of civil war. Under such conditions the Communists cannot have any confidence in the bourgeois laws. They are bound to create everywhere a parallel illegal apparatus, which at the decisive moment may help the Party to accomplish its duty to the Revolution.
4. An insistent systematic propaganda and agitation in the army is necessary, and the formation of Communist nuclei in each military organization. The Communists must carry on this work for the most part illegally, but a refusal to do such work would be equal to treason against the revolutionary cause, and inconsistent with their belonging to the Third International.
