A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Shên
180 Chao Shên 趙昚. A.D. 1127-1194. A descendant in the seventh generation from the founder of the Sung dynasty. He was adopted by the childless Chao Kou, and reigned from 1163 to 1189 as second Emperor of the Southern Sung dynasty. He desired to recover his ancestral possessions from the China Tartars, but the impoverishment of the country forced him to accept peace in 1165. In 1189 the Emperor abdicated in favour of his third son, whom he had carefully educated. Canonised as 孝宗皇帝.