INDEX

Acapulco, and foreign commerce, 191
Aguascalientes, population of, 12
Agricultural machinery, imported from United States, 194
Agricultural machinery, imported from United States, 202
Agriculture in Mexico, development of, 184
Agriculture in Mexico, development of, 185
Agriculture in Mexico, development of, 207
Agriculture in Mexico, development of, 237
during revolution, 184
since year 1918, 185
Alcabala, 96
Alcabala, 97
Alcabala, 99
Alcabala, 192
Americans in Mexico, 25
Americans in Mexico, 26
Americans in Mexico, 233-236
Americans in Mexico, 239-270
American-Mexican relations, 263
American-Mexican relations, 271-310
See also United States.
American policy toward Mexico, 4-9
See also United States.
Antuñano, Esteban, and cotton weaving, 177
Asia, Mexican trade relations with, 190
B
Bandelier, Adolph F., estimation of wages of farm laborer in year 1884, by, 135
Banking system of Mexico, 83-93
present status of, 92
Bilimbiques, 86
Brandy, production of, in Mexico, 179
Breadstuffs exported from United States to Mexico, 194
Breweries, in Mexico, 179
C
Cabrera, Luis, 75
Cabrera (Minister), 89
Calero, Manuel, 295
Camarilla stage of government in Mexico, 36
Campeche, population of, 16
Candy and chocolate factories in Mexico, 178
Canned provisions exported from United States to Mexico, 194
Carranza, 39
Carranza, 51
Carranza, 52
Carranza, 74
"bilimbiques" issued by, 86
coinage system under, 85-87
coinage system under, 89
coinage system under, 90
customs receipts under, 217
death of, 53
foreign capital and, 251-261
loans contracted by, 72
loans contracted by, 75
loans contracted by, 76
labor problem under, 142
Catholics in Mexico, 21
Cattle, hides and skins exported from Mexico, 210
Cattle industry in Mexico, 184
Chamizal controversy, 298
Chemical products, importation of, by Mexico, 202
Chiapas, population of, 11
Chiapas, population of, 16
Chicle exported from Mexico, 210
Chihuahua, population of, 26
Chinese in Mexico, 26
Church as political factor in Mexico, 21
Coahuila, population of, 13
Coahuila, population of, 26
Coal:
effect of lack of supply on industry in Mexico, 180
importation of, into Mexico, 202
Cochineal, exportation of, from Mexico, 191
Cochineal, exportation of, from Mexico, 195
Cochineal industry during nineteenth century in Mexico, 176
Coffee:
crop of, in Mexico, 184
crop of, in Mexico, 208
crop of, in Mexico, 210
exportation of, from Mexico, 197
Cocoa exported from Mexico, 191
Coinage system, Mexican, 83-93
during Diaz régime, 84
effect of World War on, 90
relation of, to taxing system, 84
Coke, Governor of Texas, and Mexican relations, 277
Colonization enterprises of Mexico, 220-238
"concessions" and, 240
Germans and, 245
Commerce, Mexican, foreign, before Diaz régime, 187-198
exports of metals, 189
effect of, on economic development, 192
exports, 189-198
imports, 189-191
imports, 193-198
smuggling, 193
Spanish trade regulations for Mexico, 187
Spanish trade regulations for Mexico, 190
statistics regarding, 192
steamship communications, 198
Commerce, Mexican, foreign:
tariff system, 192-194
Vera Cruz as shipping center, 189
with Asia, 190
with Philippines, 190
during and after Diaz régime, 199-219
effect of World War on, 217
exports, 202-217
imports, 199-206
imports, 217
tariff system, 199-202
Commerce, Mexican, internal, 175-186
See also Industry and Internal Commerce of Mexico.
Constitution of year 1857, 30-32
Constitution of year 1857, 253
Constitution of year 1917, 144
Constitution of year 1917, 253-256
Constitution of year 1917, 264
Constitution of year 1917, 265
Copper:
importation of, into Mexico, 68
importation of, into Mexico, 202
exportation of, from Mexico, 189
Corral, 49
Cotton:
exportation of, 189
importation of, 201
manufacture of, 193
Cotton weaving in Mexico, 176
Cotton weaving in Mexico, 177
and Esteban Antuñano, 177
Crops, production of, in Mexico, 216
Cubans in Mexico, 26
D
Diaz — Madero election, 49
Diaz régime, 32
Diaz régime, 33
Diaz régime, 35
Diaz régime, 36
Diaz régime, 38
Diaz régime, 43
Diaz régime, 44
Diaz régime, 46
Diaz régime, 47
Diaz régime, 48
Diaz régime, 49
Diaz régime, 50
Diaz régime, 53
Diaz régime, 60
and colonization concessions, 241
and colonization concessions, 249
attitude of, toward United States, 279-296
Diaz régime:
beginning of, 277
coinage system during, 84
colonization during, 231
commerce, foreign, before, 187-198
commerce, foreign, during and after, 199-219
Congress during, 39
courts during, 40
division of Mexico into zones during, 13
financial condition during, 5
financial condition during, 66
financial condition during, 67
financial condition during, 97
financial condition during, 100
financial condition during, 101
financial standing at close of, 74
foreigners as factor in trade during, 183
labor conditions during, 116
labor conditions during, 124-126
labor conditions during, 129
labor conditions during, 130
labor conditions during, 131
labor conditions during, 134
labor conditions during, 138
large estate system during, 155
lawlessness during, 276
military problems during, 33-35
position of jefes politicos during, 63
railroad project during, 163-166
railroad project during, 168-171
railroad project during, 174
effect of, on economic conditions, 169
effect of, on economic conditions, 174
tariff rates during, 194
tariff rates during, 200
taxing system during, 100
E
Education in Mexico, 22-24
Education in Mexico, 27
Elections, Mexican, 42-57
Electrical goods, importation of, into Mexico, 202
Electrical power development in Mexico, 179
English settlers in Mexico, 25
European powers:
attitude of, toward Haiti, preceding the World War, 8
European powers:
financial interests of, in Mexico, 8
External Consolidated Gold Loan, 69
F
Finance, Mexican, 66-103
at close of Diaz régime, 74
at outburst of World War, 72
at outburst of World War, 79
banking system, 83-93
present status of, 92
domestic obligations, 83
domestic readjustment in the early '90's, 88
foreign claims, 66-82
foreign commerce, 98
foreign loans, 66-68
present condition of, 73-83
present condition of, 93
public income and expenditure, 94-103
during Diaz regime, 101
railroad building for furthering of, 98
See also Taxing System in Mexico
Fish, Secretary of State, and Mexican relations, 277
Fletcher, Henry, American Ambassador to Mexico, 270
Foreign population of Mexico, 25
lack of accurate census regarding, 25
Foster, Minister, 282
Flour exported from United States to Mexico, 194
Foodstuffs:
importation of, into Mexico, 201
production of, in Mexico, 201
Foreigners in Mexico:
capital invested by, 239-252
total amount of, 247
Foreigners in Mexico:
immigration of, 233-236
legal status of, 252-270
property of, 239-252
property of, 256-258
confiscation of, 260
Foreign investments in Mexico:
by Americans, 242-244
by Americans, 247
by British, 244-247
by French, 245-247
by Germans, 245-248
France:
capital of, invested in Mexico, 245-247
Mexican trade relations with, 193
Mexican trade relations with, 194-195
Mexican trade relations with, 196
Mexican trade relations with, 200
Mexican trade relations with, 203
property of, in Mexico, 245
confiscation of, 260
French population in Mexico, 25
French population in Mexico, 26
colspan
Garbanzos, exported from Mexico, 210
García, Jesus, 288
German population in Mexico, 25
German population in Mexico, 26
Germany:
capital of, invested in Mexico, 245-248
colonization interprises and, 245
trade relations of, with Mexico, 194
trade relations of, with Mexico, 195
trade relations of, with Mexico, 200
trade relations of, with Mexico, 203
Glass and faience factories in Mexico, 176
Gold exported from Mexico, 189
Gonzalez, 50
Gonzalez, 52
Government of Mexico, 28-85
camarilla stage, 36
conservative party in, 42-44
constitution of year 1857, 30-32
constitution of year 1857, 253
constitution of year 1917, 144
constitution of year 1917, 253-256
constitution of year 1917, 264
constitution of year 1917, 265
Government of Mexico:
during Diaz regime. See under Diaz regime,
elections, 42-57
executive, 28-41
judicial, 30
judicial, 40
legislative, 29
Liberal party in, 43
Liberal party in, 44
local, 58-65
town council (ayuntamiento), 62
military problems, 33-35
State governments, 58-65
taxing system. See Taxing System of Mexico.
Great Britain:
capital of, invested in Mexico, 244
capital of, invested in Mexico, 247
Mexican trade relations with, 193
Mexican trade relations with, 194
Mexican trade relations with, 195
Mexican trade relations with, 196
Mexican trade relations with, 200
Mexican trade relations with, 203
Mexican trade relations with, 211
property of, Mexican confiscation of, 260
Greek Orthodox in Mexico, 22
Groceries, trade in, in Mexico, 182
Groceries, trade in, in Mexico, 194
Guatemalans in Mexico, 26
Guayule, exported from Mexico, 210
Guerero, population of, 16
Hacendados, 139
Haiti, attitude of European powers toward, preceding the World War, 8
Hardware trade in Mexico, 183
Hardware trade in Mexico, 194
Hats, exported from Mexico, 211
Henequen, exported by Mexico, 208
Hides exported from Mexico, 189
Hides exported from Mexico, 197
Holland, property of, Mexican confiscation of, 260
Huerta, 50
Huerta, 51
Huerta, 53
Huerta, 74
labor legislation and, 142
Hughes, Secretary of State, and Mexican relations, 264
Humboldt, Alexander von:
estimation of Mexican population by, 12
estimation of wages of agricultural laborer in year 1804 by, 135
I
Indian tribes in Mexico, 16
Indigo exported from Mexico, 189
Indigo industry during nineteenth century in Mexico, 176
Industry and internal commerce of Mexico, 175-186
agriculture, 181
agriculture, 185
brandy, 179
breweries, 179
candy and chocolate factories, 178
cattle industry, 184
cochineal, during nineteenth century, 176
coffee crop, 184
coining of silver, 175
cotton goods, 176
cotton goods, 177
cotton goods, 178
effect of development of oil regions on, 180
effect of lack of coal on, 180
effect of re-adoption of gold standard on, 186
effect of revolution on, 185
electrical power development, 179
foreigners as a factor in, 181-183
glass and faience factories, 176
groceries, 182
hardware, 183
Industry and internal commerce:
indigo, during nineteenth century, 176
inducements offered by the government in nineteenth century, 176
influence of foreign trade on, 180-182
iron and steel, 182
jewelry, 182
jute, 178
liquor trade, 182
machinery and machinery supplies, 183
Mexico City as center of, 184
mining, 185
mining, 195
present status of, 183
printing establishments, 176
rum, 178
silks, 176
silks, 182
silver, 175
silver, 185
stock-raising, 184
sugar, 178, 184
textile manufacturing, 175-178
centers of, 176
tobacco manufacture, 179
tobacco manufacture, 185
woolen goods, 176
woolen goods, 178
Infalsificable notes, 86
Infalsificable notes, 89
Iron, exportation of, from Mexico, 202
Iron and steel, importation of, into Mexico, 194
Iron and steel, importation of, into Mexico, 202
Iron and steel industries in Mexico, 182
Iron goods, importation of, into Mexico, 203
Israelites in Mexico, 22
J
Jalisco, population of, 14
Jefes politicos, 63
during Diaz régime, 63
Juarez, 43
second election of, 50
Jute manufacturing, 178
L
Labor contract in Mexico, 112-134
Labor problem in Mexico, 104-160
aboriginal races and, 112
and the revolution, 144-147
baldios and, 120
by tarea system, 128
during Diaz régime, 116
during Diaz régime, 124-126
during Diaz régime, 129
during Diaz régime, 130
during Diaz régime, 131
during Diaz régime, 134
during Diaz régime, 138
faena and, 122
foreigners and, 110
government statistics on, 116
government statistics on, 130
rate of wages, 135
hacendados and, 125
hacendados and, 134
hacendados and, 143
Indians and, 106-109
Indians and, 111
Indians and, 112
Indians and, 121
Indians and, 126-128
labor union movement, 140-142
labor union movement, 146
legislation in connection with, 123
legislation in connection with, 127
legislation in connection with, 143
mestizo class, 109
mestizo class, 111
mestizo class, 112
peonage system, 115
peonage system, 117
peonage system, 121
peonage system, 129
peonage system, 130
peonage system, 133
pulque trade and, 143
punteros and, 121
raya and, 122
socorro and, 122
tarea and, 122
task laborers, 122
term contracts, 117-120
term contracts, 122
wage rates, 118-120
wage rates, 122
wage rates, 126
wage rates, 128
wage rates, 131
wage rates, 135-147
effect of World War on, 140
for children, 137
for children, 143
for females, 137
for females, 143
for males, 137
for males, 143
working hours, 118
working hours, 143
Laborer, Mexican, 104-160
contract of, 112-134
demands of, 112-134
See also Labor Problem in Mexico.
Land problem in Mexico, 148-160
Languages of Mexico, 18
Languages of Mexico, 19
Maya, 19
Mexicanos, 19
Nahuatl, 19
Otomi, 19
Spanish, 19
Zapotecano, 19
La Novia, revolution of, 43
Lard, importation of, into Mexico, 201
Latin-American countries, attitude of United States toward, 6
Leather goods, importation of, into Mexico, 201
Lerdo, 43
Lerdo, 50
Leyes de Deslindes, 152
Lill, Thomas R., 74
Liquors, trade in, in Mexico, 182
Liquors, trade in, in Mexico, 194
Literacy of Mexicans, 22-24
Literacy of Mexicans, 27
census statistics, 22-24
M
Machinery:
exported from Mexico, 194
imported by Mexico, 202
Machinery trade, control of, by Americans, in Mexico, 183
Madero régime:
financial condition during, 74
labor problem and, 142
Maximilian, régime of:
colonization during, 245
floating of loan in year 1864 by, 68
Maya, language of, 19
Mayas, 11
Meats, preserved, importation of, into Mexico, 201
Mestizo population in Mexico, 17
Mestizo population in Mexico, 26
Metal goods exported from Mexico, 194
Metal goods exported from Mexico, 195
Metals:
exported from Mexico, 202
exported from Mexico, 205
exported from Mexico, 210
importance of, as resource in Mexico, 189
Mexican-American relations, 49
Mexican-American relations, 72
Mexican-American relations, 263
Mexican-American relations, 271-310
See also Mexico.
Mexican "Border," 271-296
Mexican finance, 66-103
See also Finance, Mexican.
Mexican laborer, 104-160
See also Labor, Mexican.
Mexicano, 19
Mexicans in United States, 273
Mexico:
attitude of United States toward, 4-9
attitude of United States toward, 72
attitude of United States toward, 279-310
colonization enterprises of, 220-238
commerce, foreign, before Diaz régime, 187-198
see also Commerce, Mexican
during and after Diaz régime, 199-219
see also Commerce, Mexican,
with United States, importance of, 6
commerce, internal, and industry, 175-186
see also Industry and Internal Commerce of Mexico
economic development of, 5
economic development of, 7
economic development of, 10
economic development of, 11
economic development of, 40
effect of agricultural experimental work on, 237
effect of agricultural exports on, 208-210
effect of American investments on, 242-244
effect of exportation on, 207-214
effect of importation on, 214
Mexico, economic development:
effect of labor problem on, 104-185
effect of manufacturing on, 175-186
effect of political problem on, 112
effect of political problem on, 170
effect of railroads on, 169
effect of tariff on, 199
foreigners in, 239-270
see also Foreigners in Mexico,
government of, 28-85
industry and internal commerce of, 175-186
see also Industry and Internal Commerce of Mexico,
languages of, 18
languages of, 19
municipal government of, 58-65
natural wealth of, 5
population of, 10-27
present status of civilization in, 5
racial development of, 14-16
among Indian tribes, 16
resident international interests within, 5
resident international interests within, 10
social status of, 11
social status of, 17
transportation facilities in, 161-174
Mexico City, as center of commerce 184
Michoacan population of, 14
Michoacan population of, 16
Mining in Mexico, 185
Mining in Mexico, 195
Mineral products exported from Mexico, 205
Minerals, importation of, into Mexico, 202
Miztecs, 16
Mohammedans in Mexico, 22
Monterey and Mexican Gulf Railway, 69
Municipal government of Mexico, 58-65
N
Nahuatl, 19
National Railways of Mexico, General Mortgage four per cent gold bonds, 71
National Railways of Mexico, General Mortgage four per cent gold bonds, 72
Native population of Mexico, 26
Neuvo Leon, population of, 26
O
Oaxaca, population of, 14
Oaxaca, population of, 16
Obrégon, 5 ,
Obrégon, 53
Obrégon, 75
Obrégon, 174
Obrégon, 263
Occupations of Mexicans, 24
lack of accurate census of, 24
Ochre exported from Mexico, 189
Oil:
exported from Mexico, 191
exported from Mexico, 206
status of, during and after Diaz régime, 206
status of, during and after Diaz régime, 257
status of, during and after Diaz régime, 261-264
Oil regions of Mexico, effect of development of, on industry, 180
Otomi, 19
Ord, General, 280-282
Ord Order, 281
P
Palacio, Vincente Riva, 229
Petroleum, status of, in Mexico, 218
Petroleum, status of, in Mexico, 258-260
Petroleum, status of, in Mexico, 262
Peonage system in Mexico, 115
Peonage system in Mexico, 117
Peonage system in Mexico, 121
Peonage system in Mexico, 129
Peonage system in Mexico, 130
Peonage system in Mexico, 133
Philippines, Mexican trade relations with, 190
Pious Funds dispute, 298
Polk, General, 283
Population of Mexico, 10-27
Americans, 25
Chinese, 26
Cubans, 26
English, 25
foreigners, 25
French, 25
French, 26
Germans, 25
Germans, 26
Guatemalans, 26
Population of Mexico:
in Aguascalientes, 12
in Campeche, 16
in Chiapas, 13
in Chiapas, 16
in Chihuahua, 26
in Coahuila, 13
in Coahuila, 26
in Guerero, 16
in Jalisco, 14
in Michoacan, 14
in Michoacan, 16
in Nuevo Leon, 26
in Oaxaca, 14
in Oaxaca, 16
in Puebla, 13
in Sonora, 13
in Sonora, 26
in Tarahumaras, 16
in Tarascas, 16
in Tepehuanas, 16
in year 1890, 13
in year 1910, 13
in Yucatan, 13
in Yucatan, 16
Indian tribes, 16
lack of accurate census of, 11
literacy of, 22-24
literacy of, 27
Mayas, 11
mestizo, 17
Miztecs, 16
native, 26
occupations of, 24
religion of, 19-22
Spanish, 25
Spanish, 26
white, 14
white, 16-18
white, 26
Yaquis, 11
Yaquis, 16
Zapotecs, 11
Zapotecs, 16
Printing, in Mexico, 176
Protestants in Mexico, 22
Public income and expenditure, Mexican, 94-103
See also Taxing System of Mexico.
Puebla, population of, 12
Q
Quicksilver, importation of, into Mexico, 202
R
Racial development of Mexico, 14
Racial development of Mexico, 16
Railroads in Mexico, 162-174
demoralization of, 171-173
demoralization of, 174
establishment of, 162
advantages as a result of, 169
attitude of United States toward, 163
effect of, on economic condition, 169
effect of, on economic condition, 171-173
effect of, on international relations, 169
Mexican Central Railroad, 168
Mexican Central Railroad, 243
Mexican National Railroad, 168
Mexican National Railroad, 243
public policy, before Diaz régime, 163-168
during Diaz régime, 163-166
during Diaz régime, 168-171
during Diaz régime, 174
reëstablishment of, 173
Railway equipment, importation of, into Mexico, 202
Religion, of Mexicans, 19-22
Reyes, Bernardo, 38
Romero, Matias, estimation of wages of day laborers in 1896 by, 136
Root, Elihu, 294
Rubber exported from Mexico, 210
Rum, manufacture of, in Mexico, 178
S
Santa Ana, 223
Santa Ana, 228
Silk industry in Mexico, 176
Silk industry in Mexico, 182
Silver, Mexican:
coining of, 175
exports of, 189
exports of, 191
exports of, 218
supply of, 206
supply of, 218
value of, 85
value of, 218
Sisal, production and exportation of, 209
Sonora, population of, 13
Sonora, population of, 26
Spain, trade regulations of, for Mexico, 187
Spain, trade regulations of, for Mexico, 190
Spaniards in Mexico, 25
Spaniards in Mexico, 26
Spanish conquest of Mexico:
economic development under, 104
economic development under, 187
economic development under, 220
taxes during, 95
Spanish land policy, 149
Spanish language in Mexico, 19
Stockraising in Mexico, 184
Sugar in Mexico, 178
Sugar in Mexico, 184
Sulphur exported from Mexico, 189
T
Taft, William Howard, 295
Tarahumaras, 16
Tarascas, 16
Tariff system:
before Diaz régime, 192
during Diaz régime, 199
during Diaz régime, 202
Taxation system in Mexico, 59
Taxation system in Mexico, 62
Taxation system in Mexico, 4-100
and concessions, 241
and foreign property, 259-264
bullion tax, 97
consumption taxes, 59
during Diaz regime, 100
during period following Spanish rule, 96-98
during period of Spanish rule, 94-97
federal, 100
for land, 102
license, 100
lottery tax, 96
lottery tax, 100
for commerce, 59
for commerce, 96
for commerce, 198
internal (alcabala), 96
internal (alcabala), 97
internal (alcabala), 99
for industry, 59
for precious metals, 84
for professions (patente), 59
for property, 59
paper tax, 96
poll taxes, 60
predial, 100
Taxation system:
professional tax, 100
pulque tax, 97
rate of levy, 59
relation of, to coinage system, 84
stamp taxes, 96
stamp taxes, 97
stamp taxes, 100
tobacco tax, 97
Tehuantepec Railway Loan, 69
Tehuantepec Railway Loan, 75
Tepehuanas, 16
Textile manufacturing in Mexico:
in sixteenth century, 175-176
centers of, 176
cotton goods, 176
cotton goods, 177
cotton goods, 178
cotton factories, 178
silk weaving, 176
woolen goods, 176, 178
Textiles, importation of, into Mexico, 199
Textiles, importation of, into Mexico, 203
Tin, exportation of, 189
importation of, 202
Tobacco:
manufactured in Mexico, 179
manufactured in Mexico, 185
exportation of, 211
raw, exported from Mexico, 210
Town government of Mexico, 58-65
Transportation facilities in Mexico, 161-174
cost of, before building of
railroads, 162
Indian carriers, 162
railroads, 162-174
railroads, 198
Tuxtepec, revolution of, 43
U
United States:
attitude of, recent, toward Mexico, 263
attitude of, recent, toward Mexico, 271-310
toward Diaz régime, 279-296
toward Latin American countries, 6
United States:
toward Mexican railway projects, 163
toward Mexican railway projects, 169
toward Mexican railway projects, 174
attitude of Mexicans toward, in railway project, 163-169
attitude of Mexicans toward, in railway project, 174
in seventeenth century, 221
capital of, invested in Mexico, 242-244
capital of, invested in Mexico, 247
commercial relations of, with Mexico, 6
commercial relations of, with Mexico, 193-195
foreign policy of, toward Mexico, 4-9
foreign policy of, toward Mexico, 72
foreign policy of, toward Mexico, 279-310
Mexican trade relations with, 193
Mexican trade relations with, 195
Mexican trade relations with, 196
Mexican trade relations with, 198
Mexican trade relations with, 202
Mexican trade relations with, 203-205
Mexican trade relations with, 210-213
Mexican trade relations with, 217
property of, Mexican confiscation of, 260-264
"Unoccupied" land, in Mexico, 149-152
V
Vanilla, exported, 210
Vegetable fibers, exported, 210
Vegetable substances, importation of, into Mexico, 201
Vera Cruz, 189-191
Villa, 86
W
Wine, imports of, from France, to Mexico, 195
export of, from Mexico, 191
Wood exported from Mexico, 189
Wood exported from Mexico, 197
Wood exported from Mexico, 210
Wool, exportation of, 189
Wool, exportation of, 191
importation of, 200
importation of, 201
Woolen manufacturing in Mexico, 176
Woolen manufacturing in Mexico, 178
Y
Yaquis, 11
Yaquis, 16
Yucatan, population of, 13
Yucatan, population of, 16
Z
Zapata, 86
Zapotecs, 11
Zapotecs, 16
Zapotecs, 19