Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume II/Sozomen/Book II/Chapter 18
Chapter XVIII.—The Arians and Melitians confer Celebrity on Athanasius; concerning Eusebius, and his Request of Athanasius to admit Arius to Communion; concerning the Term “Consubstantial”; Eusebius Pamphilus and Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch, create Tumults above all the rest.
The reputation of Athanasius was, however, especially increased by the Arians and Melitians;[1]
although always plotting, they never appeared rightly to catch and make him a prisoner. In the first place, Eusebius wrote to urge him to receive the Arians into communion, and threatened, without writing it, to ill-treat him should he refuse to do so. But as Athanasius would not yield to his representation, but maintained that those who had devised a heresy in innovating upon the truth, and who had been condemned by the council of Nice, ought not to be received into the Church, Eusebius contrived to interest the emperor in favor of Arius, and so procured his return. I shall state a little further on how all these events came to pass.[2]
At this period, the bishops had another tumultuous dispute among themselves, concerning the precise meaning of the term “consubstantial.”[3]
Some thought that this term could not be admitted without blasphemy;
that it implied the non-existence of the Son of God; and that it
involved the error of Montanus and Sabellius. Those, on the other hand,
who defended the term, regarded their opponents as Greeks (or pagans),
and considered that their sentiments led to polytheism. Eusebius,
surnamed Pamphilus, and Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, took the lead in
this dispute. They both confessed the Son of God to exist
hypostatically, and yet they contended together as if they had
misunderstood each other. Eustathius accused Eusebius of altering the
doctrines ratified by the council of Nicæa, while the latter
declared that he approved of all the Nicæan doctrines, and
reproached Eustathius for cleaving to the heresy of Sabellius.