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Introduction.
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1st and 3rd conjugations ending in i, and the 2nd in e. Besides these, there are a few irregular verbs which cannot be classed with either of the above. These will be specified below.
The Passive or Potential form of the verb is conjugated like the 2nd conjugation.
First Conjugation.
(Yo-dan no hataraki.)
To this conjugation belong the verbs whose roots end in i, which change the i into u, for the adjective form; into e for the imperative mood; and into a in taking the future suffix n, the neg. suffixes nu or zu, the caust. seru, and pass. reru.
Those roots which end in the syllables shi, chi, change the final consonant into s and ts, and those ending in hi reject the aspirate sound in pronunciation, or change it into wa, as may be seen in the following examples:—
| Root. Form. | Adj. Form. | Imperative. | Future. | Negative. | Caust. | Pot. or Pass. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ki. | yaki. | yaku. | yake. | yakan. | yakanu. | yakaseru. | yakareru. |
| shi. | sashi. | sasu. | sase. | sasan. | sasanu. | saseru. | sasareru. |
| chi. | tachi. | tatsu. | tate. | tatan. | tatanu. | tataseru. | tatareru. |
| ni. | shini. | shinu. | shine. | shinan. | shinanu. | shinaseru. | shinareru. |
| hi. | (ahi), ai. | au. | ae. | awan. | awanu. | awaseru. | awasareru. |
| (ihi), ii. | iu. | ie. | iwan. | iwanu. | iwaseru. | iwareru. | |
| (ohi), oi. | ou. | oe. | owan. | owanu. | owaseru. | owareru. | |
| mi. | yomi. | yomu. | yome. | yoman. | yomanu. | yomaseru. | yomareru. |
| ri. | ari. | aru. | are. | aran. | aranu. | araseru. | arareru. |
| bi. | yorokobi. | yorokobu. | yorokobe. | yorokoban. | yorokobanu. | yorokobaseru. | —basareru. |
| gi. | shinogi. | shinogu. | shinoge. | shinogan. | shinoganu. | —gaseru. | —gareru. |
Paradigm of the first conjugation.
| Root. and Indef. | Kiki. |
|---|---|
| Attrib. or adj. form, present. | Kiku, hearing, hears. |
| Perfect. | Kikeru, kikeri, have heard. |
| Indic. past. | Kiki-ta, or kiita,—shi,—nu,—ki,—tsu,—nuru, kiitakke, have heard. |
| Indic. fut. | Kikan, kikō, will hear, would hear. |
| Pres. pr. or adv. | Kikite, kiite, hearing, having heard, by hearing. |
| Imperative. | Kike, kiki-na, kike-yo, kiki-nasare, kikasshare, hear. |
| Conditional. | Kikaba, kiki-naba, kiku-naraba, if I hear. |
| Conditional„ past. | Kiitaraba, kiitara, kiita naraba, if, or when I have heard. |
| Conjunctive. | Kikeba, as, since, or because I hear. |
