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84 THE DECLINE AND FALL [Chap, xxxvii mercenaries that raised Odoacer to the throne of Italy. The Franks and the Saxons still persevered in the errors of Pagan- ism ; but the Franks obtained the monarchy of Gaul by their submission to the example of Clovis ; and the Saxon conquerors of Britain were reclaimed from their savage superstition by the missionaries of Rome. These Barbarian proselytes displayed an ardent and successful zeal in the propagation of the faith. The Merovingian kings, and their successors, Charlemagne and the Othos, extended, by their laws and victories, the dominion of the cross. England produced the apostle of Germany ; and the evangelic light was gradually diffused from the neighbour- hood of the Rhine to the nations of the Elbe, the Vistula, and the Baltic. 80 Motivesof The different motives which influenced the reason, or the 1 passions, of the Barbarian converts cannot easily be ascertained. They were often capricious and accidental ; a dream, an omen, the report of a miracle, the example of some priest or hero, the charms of a believing wife, and, above all, the fortunate event of a prayer or vow which, in a moment of danger, they had addressed to the God of the Christians. 81 The early prejudices of education were insensibly erased by the habits of frequent and familiar society; the moral precepts of the Gospel were pro- tected by the extravagant virtues of the monks ; and a spiritual theology was supported by the visible power of relics and the pomp of religious worship. But the rational and ingenious mode of persuasion which a Saxon bishop 82 suggested to a popular saint might sometimes be employed by the missionaries who laboured for the conversion of infidels. " Admit," says the sagacious disputant, " whatever they are pleased to assert of the fabulous, and carnal, genealogy of their gods and goddesses, who are propagated from each other. From this principle deduce their imperfect nature, and human infirmities, the assurance they were born, and the probability that they will die. At what time, 80 Mosheim has slightly sketched the progress of Christianity in the North, from the fourth to the fourteenth century. The subject would afford materials for an ecclesiastical, and even philosophical, history. 81 To such a cause has Socrates (1. vii. c. 30) ascribed the conversion of the Burgundians, whose Christian piety is celebrated by Orosius (1. vii. c. 19 [leg. 32]). 82 See an original and curious epistle from Daniel, the first bishop of Winchester (Beda, Hist. Eccles. Anglorum, 1. v. c. 18, p. 203, edit. Smith), to St. Boniface, who preached the Gospel among the Savages of Hesse and Thuringia. Epistol. Bonifacii, lxvii. in the Maxima Bibliotheca Patrum, torn. xiii. p. 93.