κριτον; and Sept. 2 K. vi. 13 ἀποστείλας λήψομαι αὐτόν). 2. to send away i. e. to dismiss; a. to allow one to depart: τινὰ ἐν ἀφέσει, that he may be in a state of liberty, Lk. iv. 18 (19), (Is. lviii. 6). b. to order one to depart, send off: Mk. viii. 26; τινὰ κενόν, Mk. xii. 3. c. to drive away: Mk. v. 10. [Comp.: ἐξ-, συν-αποστέλλω. Syn. see πέμπω, fin.]
ἀπο-στερέω, -ῶ; 1 aor. ἀπεστέρησα; [Pass., pres. ἀποστεροῦμαι]; pf. ptcp. ἀπεστερημένος; to defraud, rob, despoil: absol., Mk. x. 19; 1 Co. vi. 8; ἀλλήλους to withhold themselves from one another, of those who mutually deny themselves cohabitation, 1 Co. vii. 5. Mid. to allow one’s self to be defrauded [W. § 38, 3]: 1 Co. vi. 7; τινά τινος (as in Grk. writ.), to deprive one of a thing; pass. ἀπεστερημένοι τῆς ἀληθείας. 1 Tim. vi. 5 [W. 196 (185); B. 158 (138)]; τί to defraud of a thing, to withdraw or keep back a thing by fraud: pass. μισθὸς ἀπεστερημένος, Jas. v. 4 (T Tr WH ἀφυστερημένος, see ἀφυστερέω; [cf. also ἀπό, II. 2 d. bb. p. 59b]), (Deut. xxiv. 14 [(16) Alex.]; Mal. iii. 5).*
ἀπο-στολή, -ῆς, ἡ, (ἀποστέλλω 1. a sending away: Τιμολέοντος εἰς Σικελίαν, Plut. Timol. 1, etc.; of the sending off of a fleet, Thuc. 8, 9; also of consuls with an army, i. e. of an expedition, Polyb. 26, 7, 1. 2. a sending away i. e. dismission, release: Sept. Eccl. viii. 8. 3. a thing sent, esp of gifts: 1 K. ix. 16 [Alex.]; 1 Macc. ii, 18 etc. cf. Grimm ad loc. 4. in the N. T. the office and dignity of the apostles of Christ, (Vulg. apostolatus), apostolate, apostleship: Acts i. 25; Ro. i. 5; 1 Co. ix. 2;
Gal. ii. 8.*
ἀπόστολος, -ου, ὁ; 1. a delegate, messenger, one sent forth with orders, (Hdt. 1, 21; 5, 38; for שָׁלוּחַ in 1 K. xiv. 6 [Alex.]; rabbin. שְׁלִיחַ): Jn. xiii. 16 (where ὁ ἀπόστ. and ὁ πέμψας αὐτόν are contrasted); foll. by a gen., as τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν, 2 Co. viii. 23; Phil. ii. 25; ἀπόστ. τῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν the apostle whom we confess, of Christ, God’s chief messenger, who has brought the κλῆσις ἐπουράνιος, as compared with Moses, whom the Jews confess, Heb. iii. 1. 2. Specially applied to the twelve disciples whom Christ selected, out of the multitude of his adherents, to be his constant companions and the heralds to proclaim to men the kingdom of God: Mt. x. 1-4; Lk. vi. 13; Acts i. 26; Rev. xxi. 14, and often, but nowhere in the Gospel and Epistles of John; [“the word ἀπόστολος occurs 79 times in the N. T., and of these 68 instances are in St. Luke and St. Paul.” Bp. Lghtft.]. With these apostles Paul claimed equality, because through a heavenly intervention he had been appointed by the ascended Christ himself to preach the gospel among the Gentiles, and owed his knowledge of the way of salvation not to man’s instruction but to direct revelation from Christ himself, and moreover had evinced his apostolic qualifications by many signal proofs: Gal. i. 1, 11 sq.; ii. 8; 1 Co. i. 17; ix. 1 sq.; xv. 8-10; 2 Co. iii. 2 sqq.; xii. 12; 1 Tim. ii. 7; 2 Tim. i. 11, cf. Acts xxvi. 12-20. According to Paul, apostles surpassed as well the various other orders of Christian teachers (cf. διδάσκαλος, εὐαγγελιστής, προφήτης), as also the rest of those on whom the special gifts (cf. χάρισμα) of the Holy Spirit had been bestowed, by receiving a richer and more copious conferment of the Spirit: 1 Co. xii. 28 sq.; Eph. iv. 11. Certain false teachers are rated sharply for arrogating to themselves the name and authority of apostles of Christ: 2 Co. xi. 5, 13; Rev. ii. 2. 3. In a broader sense the name is transferred to other eminent Christian teachers; as Barnabas, Acts xiv. 14, and perhaps also Timothy and Silvanus, 1 Th. ii. 7 (6), cf. too Ro. xvi. 7 (?). But in Lk. xi. 49; Eph. iii. 5; Rev. xviii. 20, ‘apostles’ is to be taken in the narrower sense. [On the application of the term see esp. Bp. Lghtft. on Gal. pp. 92-101; Harnack on ‘Teaching’ etc. 11, 3; cf BB.DD. s. v.]
ἀποστοματίζω; (στοματίζω—not extant—from στόμα); prop. to speak ἀπὸ στόματος, (cf. ἀποστηθίζω); 1. to recite from memory: Themist. or. 20 p. 238 ed. Hard.; to repeat to a pupil (anything) for him to commit to memory: Plat. Euthyd. p. 276 c., 277 a.; used of a Sibyl prophesying, Plut. Thes. 24. 2. to ply with questions, catechize, and so to entice to [off-hand] answers: τινά, Lk. xi. 53.*
ἀπο-στρέφω: fut. ἀποστρέψω; 1 aor. ἀπέστρεψα: 2 aor. pass. ἀπεστράφην; [pres mid. ἀποστρέφομαι; fr. Hom. down]; 1. to turn away: τινὰ or τὶ ἀπό τινος. 2 Tim. iv. 4 (τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας); to remove anything from any one, Ro. xi. 26 (Is. lix. 20); ἀποστρέφειν τινά simply, to turn him away from allegiance to any one, tempt to defection, [A. V. pervert], Lk. xxiii. 14. 2. to turn back, return, bring back: Mt. xxvi. 52 (put back thy sword into its sheath); Mt. xxvii. 3, of Judas bringing back the shekels, where T Tr WH ἔστρεψε, [cf. Test. xii. Patr. text. Jos. § 17]. (In the same sense for הֵשִׁיב, Gen. xiv. 16; xxviii. 15; xliii. 11 (12), 20 (21), etc.; Bar. i. 8; ii. 34, etc.) 3. intrans. to turn one’s self away, turn back, return: ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν, Acts iii. 26, cf. 19, (ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας Sir. viii. 5; xvii. 21 [26 Tdf.]; to return from a place, Gen. xviii. 33; 1 Macc. xi. 54, etc.; [see Kneucker on Bar. i. 13]; Xen. Hell. 3, 4, 12); cf. Meyer on Acts l. c.; [al. (with A. V.) take it actively here: in turning away every one of you, etc.]. 4. Mid., with 2 aor. pass., to turn one's self away from, with acc. of the obj. (cf. [Jelf § 548 obs. 1; Κrüg. § 47, 23, 1]; B. 192 (166)); to reject, refuse: τινά, Mt. v. 42; Heb. xii. 25; τὴν ἀλήθειαν, Tit. i. 14; in the sense of deserting, τινά, 2 Tim. i. 15.*
ἀπο-στυγέω, -ῶ; to dislike, abhor, have a horror of: Ro. xii. 9; (Hdt. 2, 47; 6, 129; Soph., Eur., al.). The word is fully discussed by Fritzche ad loc. [who takes the ἀπο- as expressive of separation (cf. Lat. reformidare), al. regard it as intensive; (see ἀπό, V.)].*
ἀποσυνάγωγος, -ον, (συναγωγή, q. v.), excluded from the sacred assemblies of the Israelites; excommunicated, [A. V. put out of the synagogue]: Jn. ix. 22; xii. 42; xvi. 2. Whether it denotes also exclusion fr. all intercourse with Israelites (2 Esdr. x. 8), must apparently be left in doubt; cf. Win. [or Riehm] R W B. s. v. Bann; Wieseler on Gal. i. 8, p. 45 sqq. [reproduced by Prof. Riddle in Schaff’s Lange’s Romans pp. 304-306; cf. B. D. s. v. Excommunication]. (Not found in prof. auth.)*
