diated his daughter; and with such success as completely to destroy his army (Joseph. antt. 18, 5). In consequence of this, Vitellius, governor of Syria, being ordered by Tiberius to march an army against Aretas, prepared for the war. But Tiberius meantime having died [March 16, A.D. 37], he recalled his troops from the march, dismissed them to their winter quarters, and departed to Rome. After his departure Aretas held sway over the region of Damascus (how acquired we do not know), and placed an ethnarch over the city: 2 Co. xi. 32. Cf. Win. RWB. s. v.; Wieseler in Herzog i. p. 488 sq.; Keim in Schenkel i. p. 238 sq.; Schürer in Riehm p. 83 sq.; [B. D. Am. ed. s. v. Aretas; Meyer on Acts, Εinl. § 4 (cf. ibid. ed. Wendt)].*
ἀρετή, -ῆς, ἡ, [see ἄρα init.], a word of very wide signification in Grk. writ.; any excellence of a person (in body or mind) or of a thing, an eminent endowment, property or quality. Used of the human mind and in an ethical sense, it denotes 1. a virtuous course of thought, feeling and action; virtue, moral goodness, (Sap. iv. 1; v. 13; often in 4 Macc. and in Grk. writ.): 2 Pet. i. 5 [al. take it here specifically, viz. moral vigor; cf. next head]. 2. any particular moral excellence, as modesty, purity; hence (plur. αἱ ἀρεταί, Sap. viii. 7; often in 4 Macc. and in the Grk. philosophers) τὶς ἀρετή, Phil. iv. 8. Used of God, it denotes a. his power: 2 Pet. i. 3. b. in the plur. his excellences, perfections, ‘which shine forth in our gratuitous calling and in the whole work of our salvation’ (Jn. Gerhard): 1 Pet. ii. 9. (In Sept. for הוֹד splendor, glory, Hab. iii. 3, of God; Zech. vi. 13, of the Messiah; in plur. for תְּהִלּוֹת praises, of God, Is. xliii. 21; xiii. 12; lxiii. 7.)*
ἀρήν, ὁ, nom. not in use; the other cases are by syncope ἀρνός (for ἀρένος), ἀρνί, ἄρνα; plur. ἄρνες, ἀρνῶν, ἀρνάσι, ἄρνας, a sheep, a lamb: Lk. x. 3. (Gen. xxx. 32; Ex. xxiii. 19, etc.; in Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down.)*
ἀριθμέω, -ῶ: 1 aor. ἠρίθμησα; pf. pass. ἠρίθμημαι; (ἀριθμός); [fr. Hom. down]; to number: Mt. x. 30; Lk. xii. 7; Rev. vii. 9. [Comp.: κατ-αριθμέω.]*
ἀριθμός, -οῦ, ὁ, [fr. Hom. down], a number; a. a fixed and definite number: τὸν ἀριθμὸν πεντακισχίλιοι, in number, Jn. vi. 10, (2 Macc. viii. 16; 3 Macc. v. 2, and often in Grk. writ.; W. 230 (216); [B. 153 (134)]); ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα, Lk. xxii. 3; ἀρ. ἀνθρώπου, a number whose letters indicate a certain man, Rev. xiii. 18. b. an indefinite number, i. q. a multitude: Acts vi. 7; xi. 21; Rev. xx. 8.
Ἀριμαθαία [WH Ἁρ., see their Intr. § 408], -ας, ἡ, Arimathæa, Hebr. רָמָה (a height), the name of several cities of Palestine; cf. Gesenius, Thesaur. iii. p. 1275. The one mentioned in Mt. xxvii. 57; Mk. xv. 43; Lk. xxiii. 51; Jn. xix. 38 appears to have been the same as that which was the birthplace and residence of Samuel, in Mount Ephraim: 1 S. i. 1, 19, etc. Sept. Ἀρμαθαΐμ, and without the art. Ῥαμαθέμ, and acc. to another reading Ῥαμαθαΐμ, 1 Macc. xi. 34; Ῥαμαθά in Joseph. antt. 13, 4, 9. Cf. Grimm on 1 Macc. xi. 34; Keim, Jesus von Naz. iii. 514; [B. D. Am. ed.].*
Ἀρίσταρχος, -ου, ὁ, [lit. best-ruling], Aristarchus, a certain Christian of Thessalonica, a ‘fellow-captive’ with Paul [cf. B. D. Am. ed.; Bp. Lghtft. and Mey. on Col. as below]: Acts xix. 29; xx. 4; xxvii. 2; Col. iv. 10; Philem. 24.*
ἀριστάω, -ῶ: 1 aor. ἠρίστησα; (τὸ ἄριστον, q. v.); a. to breakfast: Jn. xxi. 12, 15; (Xen. Cyr. 6, 4, 1; and often in Attic). b. by later usage to dine: παρά τινι, Lk. xi. 37; (Gen. xliii. 24; Ael. v. h. 9, 19).*
ἀριστερός, -ά, -όν, left: Mt. vi. 3; Lk. xxiii. 33; [Mk. x. 37 T Tr WH, on the plur. cf. W. § 27, 3]; ὅπλα ἀριστερά i. e. carried in the left hand, defensive weapons, 2 Co. vi. 7. [From Hom. down.]*
Ἀριστόβουλος, -ου, ὁ, [lit. best-counselling], Aristobulus, a certain Christian (cf. B. D. Am. ed. s. v. and Bp. Lghtft. on Phil. p. 174 sq.]: Ro. xvi. 10.*
ἄριστον, -ου, τό, [fr. Hom. down]; a. the first food, taken early in the morning before work, breakfast; dinner was called δεῖπνον. But the later Greeks called breakfast τὸ ἀκράτισμα, and dinner ἄριστον i. e. δεῖπνον μεσημβρινόν, Athen. 1, 9, 10 p. 11 b.; and so in the N. T. Hence b. dinner: Lk. xiv. 12 (ποιεῖν ἄριστον ἢ δεῖπνον, to which others are invited); Lk. xi. 38; Mt. xxii. 4 (ἑτοιμάζειν). [B. D. s. v. Meals; Becker's Charicles, sc. vi. excurs. i. (Eng. trans. p. 312 sq.)
ἀρκετός, -ή, -όν, (ἀρκέω), sufficient: Mt. vi. 34 (where the meaning is, ‘Let the present day’s trouble suffice for a man, and let him not rashly increase it by anticipating the cares of days to come’; [on the neut. cf. W. § 58, 5; B. 127 (111)]); ἀρκετόν τῷ μαθητῇ [A. V. it is enough for the disciple i. e.] let him be content etc., fol. by ἵνα, Mt. x. 25; foll. by an inf., 1 Pet. iv. 3. (Chrysipp. ap. Athen. 3, 79 p. 113 b.)*
ἀρκέω, ῶ; 1 aor. ἤρκεσα; [Pass., pres. ἀρκοῦμαι]; 1 fut. ἀρκεσθήσομαι; to be possessed of unfailing strength; to be strong, to suffice, to be enough (as against any danger; hence to defend, ward off, in Hom.; [al. make this the radical meaning, cf. Lat arceo; Curtius § 7]): with dat. of pers. Mt. xxv. 9; Jn. vi. 7; ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου my grace is sufficient for thee, sc. to enable thee to bear the evil manfully; there is, therefore, no reason why thou shouldst ask for its removal, 2 Co. xii. 9; impersonally, ἀρκεῖ ἡμῖν ’tis enough for us, we are content, Jn. xiv. 8. Pass. (as in Grk. writ.) to be satisfied, contented: τινί, with a thing, Lk. iii. 14; Heb. xiii. 5; 1 Tim. vi. 8; (2 Macc. v. 15); ἐπί τινι, 3 Jn. 10. [Comp.: ἐπ-αρκέω.]*
ἄρκτος, -ου, ὁ, ἡ, or [so G L T Tr WH] ἄρκος, -ου, ὁ, ἡ, a bear: Rev. xiii. 2. [From Hom. down.]*
ἅρμα, -ατος, τό, (fr. ΑΡΩ to join, fit; a team), a chariot: Acts viii. 28 sq. 38; of war-chariots (i. e. armed with scythes) we read ἅρματα ἵππων πολλῶν chariots drawn by many horses, Rev. ix. 9, (Joel ii. 5. In Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down).*
Ἁρμαγεδών [Grsb. Ἀρμ., WH Ἃρ Μαγεδών, see their Intr. § 408; Tdf. Proleg. p. 106] or (so Rec.) Ἀρμαγεδδών, Har-Magedon or Armageddon, indecl. prop. name of an imaginary place: Rev. xvi. 16. Many, following Beza and Glassius, suppose that the name is compounded of
