Page:A History of Indian Philosophy Vol 1.djvu/110

94 Buddhist Philosophy [CH. classes: (I) riipa (four elements, the body, the senses), sense data, etc., (2) vedana (feeling-pleasurable, painful and in- different), (3) sanfia (conceptual knowledge), (4) sarikhara (syn- thetic mental states and the synthetic functioning of compound sense-affections, compound feelings and compound concepts), (5) vififiana (consciousness)}. All these states rise depending one upon the other (patz"cca- sa1lluppmzna) and when a man says that he perceives the self he only deludes himself, for he only perceives one or more of these. The word riipa in riipakhandha stands for matter and material qualities, the senses, and the sense data 2 . But" riipa" is also used in the sense of pure organic affections or states of mind as we find in the Kha1zdha Yamaka, I. p. 16, and also in Sa1!Z- yutta NikiiJ'a, III. 86. Riipaskandha according to Dlza1'ma- - sa1!zgraha means the aggregate of five senses, the five sensations, and the implicatory communications associated in sense per- ceptions (viJiiapti). The elaborate discussion of Dlzammasanga?zi begins by defin- ing rupa as "cattaro ca lIlaluiblultii catunllanca mahiibhfttiillam upiidiiJ'a rilpam" (the four mahabhiitas or elements and that proceeding from the grasping of that is called riipa)3. Buddha- ghoa explains it by saying that riipa means the four maha:- bhutas and those which arise depending (nissiiya) on them as a modification of them. In the riipa the six senses including their affections are also included. In explaining why the four elements are called mahabhutas, Buddhaghoa says: "Just as a magician (lIlii.:viikiira) makes the water which is not hard appear as hard, makes the stone which is not gold appear as gold; just as he himself though not a ghost nor a bird makes himself appear as a ghost or a bird, so these elements though not them- selves blue make themselves appear as blue (nilam upiidii rtlpa11l), not yellow, red, or white make themselves appear as yellow, red or white (odiitalll up iidii riipa Ill) , so on account of their similarity to the appearances created by the magician they are called mahabhuta 4." I n the Sm!zyutta NikiiJ'a we find that the Buddha says, "0 Bhikkhus it is called rupam because it manifests (ritpyati); how } Sa1!lyutta .' -ikllya, II I. 86, etc. 2 Abhidhammatthasa1igaha, J. P. T. S. 1884, p. 27 ff. 3 Dha1fl11lasmigw zi , pp. 124-179. 4 Atthasillilli, p. 299.