Index:A History of Indian Philosophy Vol 1.djvu
| CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY. CHAPTER II THE VEDAS, BRAHMAAS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY I The Vedas and their antiquity. . . 2 The place of the Vedas in the Hindu mind 3 Classification of the Vedic literature 4 The Samhitas . 5 The Brhmanas 6 The Aral)yakas . 7 The :B.g- Veda, its civilization 8 The Vedic gods . . 9 Polytheism, Henotheism, and Monotheism . . . 10 Growth of a Monotheistic tendency; Prajapati, Visvakarma II Brahma . . . . . 12 Sacrifice; the First Rudiments of the Law of Karma 13 Cosmogony-Mythological and_ Philosophical. 14 Eschatology j the Doctrine of Atman 15 Conclusion CHAPTER III THE EARLIER UPANI$ADS (700 B.C.-6oo B.C.) I The place of the Upani!?ads in Vedic literature . . 2 The names of the Upani!?ads j Non-Brahmanic influence 3 Brahmal)as and the Early U pani!?ads 4 The meaning of the word U pani!?ad . . 5 The composition and growth of diverse Upani!jads 6 Revival of U pani!?ad studies in modern times . 7 The Upani!?ads and their interpretations.. . 8 The quest after Brahman: the struggle and the failures. 9 UnkI!.owability of Brahman and the Negative Method 10 The Atman doctrine . . I I Place of Brahman in the U pani!jads . 12 The World 13 The World-Soul . . 14 The Theory of Causation . 15 Doctrine of Transmigration 16 Emancipation CHAPTER IV GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY I In what sense is a History of Indian Philosophy possible? 2 Growth of the Philosophic Literature 3 The Indian systems of Philosophy . 4 Some fundamental points of agreement I The Karma theory . 2 The Doctrille of fl1ukti . 3 The Doctrine of Soul . . . .. .. 5 The Pessimistic Attitude towards the World and the Optimistic Faith in the end 6 Unity in Indian Sadhana (philosophical, religious and ethical endeavours) PAGE I 10 10 I I 12 13 14 14 16 17 19 20 21 .,'> -.) 25 26 28 3 0 3 1 3 8 3 8 39 4 1 42 44 45 48 51 52 52 53 58 62 65 67 7 1 71 74 75 75 77 XIV Contents CHAPTER V BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY 1 The State of Philosophy in India before Buddha 2 Buddha: his Life 3 Early Buddhist Literature . . . . . 4 The Doctrine of Causal Connection of early Buddhism 5 The Khandhas . 6 Avijja and Asava 7 Sila and Samadhi 8 Kamma 9 Upaniads and Buddhism 10 The Schools of Theravada Buddhism II Mahayanism . . . 12 The Tathata Philosophy qf Asvaghoa (80A.D.) 13 The Madhyamika or the Sunyavada school-Nihilism. . 14 Uncompromising Idealism or the School of Vijiiana vada Buddhism 15 Sautrantika theory of Perception 16 Sautrantika theory of Inference 17 The Doctrine of Momentariness 18 The Doctrine of Momentariness and the Doctrine of Causal Efficiency (Arthakriyakaritva) . 19 Some Ontological Problems on which the Different Indian Systems diverged 20 Brief Survey of the Evolution of Buddhist Thought CHAPTER VI THE JAINA PHILOSOPHY I The Origin of J ainism 2 Two Sects of Jainism . . . . . 3 The Canonical and other Literature of the J ains 4 Some General Characteristics of the J ains . 5 Life of Mahavlra . . . . . . . 6 The Fundamental Ideas of Jaina Ontology . . 7 The Doctrine of Relative Pluralism (Anekantavada) 8 The Doctrine of Nayas . 9 The Doctrine of Syadvada 10 Knowledge, its value for us I I Theory of Perception . 12 Non-Perceptual knowledge 13 Knowledge as Revelation. 14 The Jlvas . I 5 Karma heory . . . 16 Karma, Asrava and Nirjara 17 Pudgala . . . . 18 Dharma, Adharma, Akasa 1<) Kala and Samaya . 20 J aina Cosmography . 21 Jaina Yoga . . 22 J aina Atheism. . 23 Moka (emancipation) PAGE 78 81 82 84 93 99 100 106 10 9 112 12 5 12 9 13 8 145 15 1 155 15 8 16 3 164 166 16 9 17 0 171 172 173 173 175 176 179 181 18 3 18 5 186 188 19 0 19 2 195 197 19 8 199 199 20 3 20 7 Contents xv CHAPTER VII THE KAPILA AND THE P.ATANJALA S.AfKHYA (YOGA) PAGE 208 211 212 21 3 I A Review . . .. .. 2 The Germs of SaIpkhya in the U paniads 3 Sarpkhya and Yoga Literature. 4 An Early School of Sarpkhya. . . . . 5 SaIpkhya karika, Sarpkhya sutra, Vacaspati Misra and Vijfiana Bhiksu. . 6 Yoga and Patafijali. . . . . . .. . 7 The SaIpkhya and the Yoga doctrine of Soul or Purua . 8 Thought and lIatter . 9 Feelings, the Ultimate Substances 10 The Gunas . I I Prakrti and its evolution. . . . . . . 12 Pralaya and the disturbance of the Prakfti Equilibrium . 13 Mahat and Ahamkara q The Tanmatras and the ParamaQ.us . . 15 Principle of Causation and Conservation of Energy 16 Change as the formation of new collocations. . 17 Causation as Satkaryavada (the theory that the effect potentially exists before it is generated by the movement of the cause) 18 SaIpkhya Atheism and Yoga Theism 19 Buddhi and Purusa. .. . 20 The Cognitive Prcess and some characteristics of Citta 21 Sorrow and its Dissolution 22 Citta. . . .. . 23 Yoga Purificatory Practices (Parikarma) . 24 The Yoga Meditation CHAPTER VIII THE NYAYA-VAISEIKA PHILOSOPHY I Criticism of Buddhism and SaIpkhya from the Nyaya standpoint 2 Nyaya and Vaiseika sutras . . . . . 3 Does Vaiseika represent an old school of Mlmarpsa? 4 Philosophy in the Vaiseika siitras . 5 Philosophy in the N yaya siitras . . . 6 Philosophy of Nyaya sutras and Vaiseika sutras 7 The Vaiseika and Nyaya Literature . . . 8 The main doctrine of the Nyaya-Vaiseika Philosophy. . . 9 The six Padarthas: Dravya, GUQa, Karma, Samanya, Visea, Sama- vaya . 10 The Theory of Causation . . . . I I Dissolution (Pralaya) and _Creation (Sr!i) 12 Proof of the Existence of ISvara . . 13 The Nyaya-Vaiseika Physics. . q The Origin of Knowledge (Pramal}a) 15 The fou Pramal)as of N yaya 16 PerceptIon (Pratyaka) . 17 Inference . 18 U pamana and Sabda . 19 Negation in Nyaya-Vaiseika. . . . . . . . 20 The necessity of the Acquirement of debating devices for the seeker of Salvation . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I The Doctrine of Soul 22 ISvara and Salvation 222 226 23 8 24 1 24 2 243 245 247 24 8 2;1 254 255 257 25 8 259 261 26 4 268 27° 271 274 276 280 28 5 294 3°1 3°5 3 10 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 9 . 3 2 3 3 2 5 3 26 33° 33 2 333 343 354 355 3 60 3 62 3 6 3 XVI Contents CHAPTER IX MIMA.lISA PHILOSOPHY I A Comparative Review . 2 The Mlmamsa Literature. . . . . . . . . 3 The Paratab-pramaQya doctrine of Nyaya and the Svatal)-pramaQya doctrine of Mlmamsa . . . . 4 The place of Sense-organs !n Perceptio . 5 Indeterminate and Determmate Perception 6 Some Ontological Problems connected with the Doctrine of Per- ception . 7 The Nature of Knowledge 8 The Psychology of Illusion 9 Inference. . . 10 V pamfma, Arthapatti 11 Sabda-pramaQa . 12 The PramaQ.a of Non-perception (anupalabdhi) 13 Self, Salvation, and God . . . 14 Mlmarpsa as Philosophy and Mlmarpsa as Ritualism PAGE 3 6 7 3 6 9 37 2 . 375 . 37 8 379 3 82 3 8 4 3 8 7 39 1 . 394 397 399 4°3 CHAPTER X THE SANKARA SCHOOL OF VEDANTA I Comprehension of the Philosophical Issues more essential than the Dialectic of Controversy . . 4 06 2 The philosophical situation: a Review 4 08 3 Vedanta Literature . 4 18 4 Vedanta in G,!ugapada . 420 5 Vedanta and Sailkara (788-820 A.D.) 4 2 9 6 The main idea of the Vedanta philosophy 439 7 In what sense is the world-appearance false? . 443 8 The nature of the world-appearance, phenomena 445 9 The Definition of Ajiiana (nescience) . . 452 10 Ajiiana established by Perception and Inference . . 454 1 I Locus and Object of Ajiiana, Aharpkara and Antal)karaQa 457 12 Anirvacyavada and the Vedanta dialectic . .. 461 13 The Theory of Causation. . . . 465 14 yedanta theo!'Y of Perception and Inference. . 470 15 Atman, Jlva, lSvara, Ekajlvavada and Dr!ii!is!"!ii!ivada 474 16 Vedmta theory of Illusion . . . .. . 485 17 Vedanta Ethics and Vedanta Emancipation 489 18 Vedanta and other Indian systems. . 492 I ND EX . 495 |
