Page:A History of Indian Philosophy Vol 1.djvu/44

CHAPTER III THE EARLIER UPANI$ADSI. (700 B.c.-600 B.C.) The place of the Upaniads in Vedic literature. THOUGH it is generally held that the U paniads are usually attached as appendices to the Aral)yakas which are again attached to the Brahmal)as, yet it cannot be said that their distinction as separate treatises is always observed. Thus we find in some cases that subjects which we should expect to be discussed in a Brahmal)a are introduced into the Aral)yakas and the Aral)yaka materials are sometimes fused into the great bulk of Upaniad teaching. This shows that these three literatures gradually grew up in one 1 There are about H2 Upani!iiads which have been published by the "Nirl)aya- Sagara" Press, Bombay, 1917. These are lisa, 2 Kena, 3 Ka!ha, 4 Prasna, 5 MUI)- 9- aka , 6 Mal)9-iikya, 7 Taittir'iya, 8 Aitareya, 9 Chandogya, 10 Brhadaral)yaka, I I Svetasvatara, 12 Kau!?Uaki, 13 Maitrey'i, 14 Kaivalya, 15 Jabala, 16 Brahma- bindu, 17 HaIpsa, 18 Arul)ika, 19 Garbha, 20 Narayal)a, 21 Narayal)a, 22 Para- mahaIpsa, 23 Brahma, 24 Amrtanada, 25 Atharvasiras, 26 Atharvasikha, 27 Mai- trayal)'i, 28 Brhajjabala, 29 Nrsirphapiirvatapin'i, 30 NrsiIphottaratapin'i, 31 Kalag- nirudra, 32 Subala, 33 K!iiurika, 34 Yantrika, 35 Sarvasiira, 36 Niralamba, 37 Su- karahasya, 38 Vajrasiicika, 39 Tejobindu, 40 Nadabindu, 41 Dhyanabindu, 42 Brah- mavidya, 43 Yogatattva, 44 Atmabodha, 45 Naradaparivrajaka, 46 Trisikhibrahmal)a, 47 SUa, 48 Vogacii9-ama!1i, 49 Nirval)a, 50 Mal)dalabrahmar;la, 51 Dak!?il)amurtti, 52 Sarabha, 53 Skanda, 54 Tripadvibhiitimahanarayal)a, 55 Advayataraka, 56 Riima- rahasya, 57 l{amapiirvatapini, 58 Ramottaratapini, 59 Vasudeva, 60 Mudgala, 61 Sal)9-ilya, 62 Pailigala, 63 Bhikuka, 64 Maha, 65 Sar'iraka, 66 VogaSikha. 67 Turiyatita, 68 SaIpnyasa, 69 Paramaharpsaparivrajaka, 70 Ak!iiamala, 71 Avyakta, 7 2 Ekakara, 73 Annapllrna, 74 Siirya, 75 Aki, 76 Adhyatma, 77 KUI}9-ika, 78 Sa- vitri, 79 Atman, 80 Pasupatabrahma, 81 Parabrahma, 82 Avadhiita, 83 Tripuratapini, 84 Devi, 85 Tripura, 86 Ka!harudra, 87 Bhavana, 88 Rudrahrdaya, 89 Y ogakul)9-ali, 9 0 Bhasmajabala, 91 Rudrak!?ajabala, 92 Gal)apati, 93 ]abalada..sana, 94 Tarasara, 95 Mahavakya, 9 6 Paficabrahma, 97 Pral)agnihotra, 98 Gopalapiirvatapini, 99 Gopa- lottaratapini, 100 Kr!?l)a, 101 Vajfiavalkya, 102 Varaha, 103 Sa!hyayaniya, 104 Ha- yagr'iva, 105 Dattatreya, 106 Garu9-a, 107 Kalisantaral)a, 108 Jabali, 109 Sau. bhiigyalak!iim'i, 110 Sarasvatirahasya. I I I Bahvrca, 112 Muktika. The collection of U pan i!?ad s translated by Dara shiko, Aurangzeb's brother, contained 50 Upani!iiads. The r.Iuktika Upani!?arl gives a list of 108 Upaniads. With the exception of the first 13 Upani!?ads most of them are of more or less later date. The Upanids dealt with in this chapter are the earlier ones. Amongst the later ones there are some which repeat the purport of these, there are others which deal with the Saiva, Sakta, the Yoga and the Vail)ava doctrines. These will be referred to in connection with the cGnsideration of those systems in Volume II. The later Upani!?ads which only repeat the purport of those dealt with in this chaptcr do not require further mention. Some of the latcr V pani!?ads were composed even as late as the fourteenth or the.fifteenth century.