Participles. Active.
(1) The present participle when undeclined ends in e, when declined, ci or uci, as smutek zmirajíci přírody dýchal se stromů, ze žloutnoucích listů, the melancholy of dying nature breathed from the trees, from the yellowing leaves2. , Cf. the Russian participle ending in -ym, used colloquially; thus, we have volající, calling; utící, teaching ; pící, drinking.
(2) The past active ending in -v, or in a protracted form -vši for fem. and neut., and -vše for all three genders in the plural.
Passive.
(1) The present participle passive is wanting in Čech.
(2) The past participle ends either in n or /. In the first and second conjugations it is more often the latter, vide supra. Sometimes we get both of these forms, as zdvižen and zdvihnut, moved.
(2) UNINPLECTED.
THE ADVERB.
Adverbs formed from adjectives generally end in -e, as slabě, weakly. Some end in -0, as široko, in a broad manner. They admit of degrees of comparison: those in I make -ěji, which is added to the stem, k being changed into c, h into ž, ch into Š, sk into št, and ck into ct. Adverbs which end in -0 make the comparative in -e, which is contracted from -eje. In the case of
1 Of these there are feminine and neuter forms, thus : nesa, bringing, fem. and neut. nesouc, plur. nesouce; umeje, understanding, fem. and neut. umějíc, plur. umějíce.
2 For declension, cf. dneini.
