Page:A history of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, volume 3.djvu/632

CHAPTER IX. CONCLUSION. Having thus considered with some fulness what the Inquisi- tion accomplished, directly and indirectly, it only remains for us to glance at what it did not do. The relations of the Greek Church to the Holy See would al- most justify the assumption that persecution of heresy, far from being a matter of conscience, was one of expediency, to be en- forced or disregarded as the temporal interests of the papacy might dictate. The Greeks were not only schismatics, but here- tics, for, as St. Raymond of Pennaforte proved, schism was heresy, as it violated the article of the creed " unam sanctam Catholicam ecclesiam" We have repeatedly seen that to deny the supremacy of Rome and to disregard its commands was heresy. Boniface VIII., in the bull " Unam sanctam" proclaimed it to be an article of faith, necessary to salvation, that every human creature is sub- ject to the Roman pontiff, and he especially includes the Greeks in this. Resides this, there was the Procession of the Holy Ghost from both the Father and the Son, in which Charlemagne forced Leo III. to modify the Xicene symbol, and which the Greeks per- sistently refused to receive, rendering them heretics en a doctrinal point assumed to be of the greatest importance. Yet the Church, when it seemed desirable, could always establish a modus vivendL and exercise a prudent toleration towards the Greek Church. It was thus in southern Italy, which had been withdrawn from Rome and subjected to Constantinople in the eighth century by Leo the Isaurian during the iconoclastic controversy. In 968 the Patriarch of Constantinople substituted the Greek for the Roman rite in the churches of Apulia and Calabria, and though some resisted, most of them submitted and retained it even after the conquest of Xa- ples by the Xormans. Thus in the see of Rossano in 1092, when a Latin bishop was introduced, the people recalcitrated and ob-