THE GREEK CHURCH. 017 tained from Duke Roger permission to retain the Greek rite. This lasted until 14G0, when the Observantine Bishop Matteo succeeded in changing it to the Latin rite.* The Greek churches, which long continued to exist throughout the Slavic and Majjar territories, were subjected to greater press- ure, though it was fitful and intermittent. In 1201 Andreas II. of Hungary applied to Innocent III. to appoint Latin priors for the Greek monasteries in his dominions. In the settlement of 1233, after the kingdom had been placed under interdict, an oath was exacted of Bela IV. that he would compel all his subjects to render obedience to the Roman Church, and Gregory IX. forth- with summoned him to enforce his promise with regard to the Wallachians, who were addicted to the Greek rite. In 1248 we find Innocent IY. sending Dominicans to Albania to convert the Greeks, and it would indicate that persuasion rather than force was relied upon, when we see these missionaries empowered to grant the ecclesiastics dispensation for all irregularities, including simony. A hundred years later Clement YI. and Innocent YI. were more energetic, and ordered the prelates of the Balkan Pen- insula to drive out all schismatics, calling in the aid of the secular arm if necessary. We have already seen how fruitless were the efforts to exterminate the Cathari in these regions, and that the only result of the effort to enforce uniformity of faith was to facili- tate the advance of the Turkish conquest.f The possessions of the Crusaders in the Levant offered a more complex problem. Although Innocent III. had protested against the conquest of Constantinople in 1204, when it was successful he
- S. Raymondi Summ. I. vi. i.— i. Extrav. Commun. I. viii. — Lib. Carolin. in.
1, 3.— Harduin. Concil. IV. 131, 453-4, 747, 775, 970.— Hartzheim Concil. German. I. 390-6.— Eynieric. p. 325.— Tocco, I/Eresia nel Medio Evo, pp. 389-90.— C. 9, II, Extra, i. xi. When Sigismund of Austria, in his quarrel with Nicholas of Cusa over the bishopric of Brixen, refused to observe the interdict cast on his territories, Pius II., in 1460, summoned him to trial within sixty days as a heretic, because his dis- obedience showed him to be notoriously guilty of that heresy of heresies, disbe- lief in the article of the Creed, "Credo inunam sanctam Catholicam et Apostolicam ecclesiam" (Freher et Struv. II. 192). t Innoc. PP. III. Regest. vn. 47.— Batthyani Legg. Eccles. Hung. II. 355-6.— Ripoll I. 70-1, 186.— Wadding, ann. 1351, No. 8 ; ann. 1354, No. 4, 5.
