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358 Reviews of Books between 1539 and 1902, which are for the most part set out in tabular form, make his book of permanent value to students of British military history. Great enthusiasm for the task and much painstaking care have obviously gone into the second part of the work (pp. 187-444), which is devoted to records of the origin, periods of embodied service, and special services in England, Scotland, and Ireland and abroad of the 168 units of militia which were in existence on October 31, 1905. It is only to be regretted that Colonel Hay's great interest in his work did not impel him to add a bibliography and an index. Both are lacking ; and the lack of a bibliography is the more noticeable because neither in the text nor as foot-notes does Colonel Hay give the page of the books which he uses as authorities. These two defects, but especially the lack of an index, tend greatly to lessen the serviceableness of this history of the " Constitutional Force " as a work of reference. Philipp II. August, Konig von Fraukrcich. 'on Dr. Alexander Cartellieri. Band II. Der Krcuzzug, 118/-1191. (Leipzig: Dyksche Buchhandlung ; Paris: H. Le Soudier. 1906. Pp. xxxi, 360, and four tables.) Six years have elapsed since Professor Cartellieri of the University of Jena completed the first volume of his fjenerously planned work on Philip Augustus (1899, 1900), the earliest installment of which was noticed in this Review in its issue of October, 1899 (V. 116). He has now carried forward his task with similar amplitude of plan and thor- oughness of execution to the return of his hero from the Holy Land to Paris in the closing days of 119 1. As its title indicates, the portion of Cartellieri's elaborate biography now under review has as its theme Philip's relations to the Third Crusade ; but the author takes a much wider range of events into consideration than those of the mere military expedition itself in order to show its antecedents, the preparations for its accomplishment, and the financial and governmental devices to which it gave rise. Thus, he sketches the plans for aid to the hard-pressed Holy Land presented in England and France from 1146 to 1187, and the misfortunes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem which were the immediate causes of the Third Crusade. This attempt to put the event itself in its proper historical setting is effectively accomplished. Probably Professor Cartellieri's most interesting contribution to the discussion of the problems which the crusading movement brought forward is regarding that of taxation. The religious purpose gave ground for imposition upon all classes of society, and the author con- cludes (p. 85) : Let the origin of the crusading movement be what it may, the State desired to execute it. For that purpose it needed money, much money, money immediately. The devices of feudalism could not furnish it.