Page:American Historical Review, Volume 12.djvu/619

Davenport : Devolopment of a Norfolk Manor 609 Some of the misstatements which occur may have been due to the need of brevit}-, as in the account of the Peasants' Crusade (p. 69). Here the different bands are confused, and what is true for some is stated as true for all, or else supplied to the wrong bands. The author does not quote Theodor Wolff, Die Bauernkrcuzzuge (Tubingen, 1S91), and it seems probable from his account that he did not know the work. There are a number of similar minor errors in various parts of the book. Occasionally the author makes an exaggerated statement, as on p. 32 : " A partir des premieres annees du x« siecle les pelerinages en Terre Sainte deviennent de plus en plus frequents. II n'est guere de grand personnage laique ou ecclesiastique dont les biographes ne mentionnent un et quelquefois plusieurs voyages a Jerusalem." In one respect the work is very disappointing. M. Brehier does not include in his plan any account of the influences exercised reciprocally by the Franks and the Eastern people with whom they came into con- tact. Except from a general statement in the conclusion (p. 354) he ignores them entirely. In fact, he would necessarily minimize them, if one may judge his attitude by an entirely erroneous sentence on p. 100: " L'histoire des principautes franques au xii= siecle en effet est celle d'une lutte perpetuelle contre les ennemis qui les entouraient de tous les cotes a la fois." It is time that this point of view should be banished, even from a manual. It would be a more accurate statement to say that during a considerable portion of the twelfth century the crusading states suft'ered remarkably little from warfare. M. Brehier also ignores almost entirely the fact that, in the twelfth century, the Franks who were settled in the Holy Land attempted to maintain peace and build up strong commercial colonies. Consequently there is no account of the relations between the Roman Church and the Armenian kings or of the far-reaching influence exercised by the Franks on the Armenian civili- zation. Moreover, the tolerance which sprang up in the Holy Land from the intimate contact between the Roman Christians, the Greeks, the various sects of heretics, and the Mohammedans is unmentioned. Yet, in spite of these errors and omissions, an astonishing number of facts is stated accurately. Considering the paucity and the defects of other manuals on the Crusades, this volume with its bibliographical data is a welcome addition, and forms a useful guide to the external history of the Crusades. Yi.^^K C. Munro. The Economic Development of a Norfolk Manor, 1086-1363. By FiL-^xcES Gardiner Davenport, Ph.D. (Cambridge: at the University Press. 1906. Pp. xi, 105, cii.) Ik more work of the kind Miss Davenport has accomplished had been done a generation ago, much mistaken generalization and false interpretation of history would not have been printed to confuse the student. 'ith no theory to establish and no prejudice to maintain, she gathered all the information that could be procured relating to a single