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The primary meaning ‘stake, club, stick,’ leads to the Sans. root tuj, ‘to brandish or hurl weapons, set in violent motion’ (for Sans. t, equiv. to Teut. st, comp. Stier). From Teut. are derived the Rom. class, Ital. stocco, ‘rapier.’ Allied also to Stück. Stoff, m., ‘stuff, material, matter,’ ModHG. only, borrowed, like Du. stof, E. stuff, from Rom. Comp. the equiv. Fr. étoffe, Ital. stoffa, f., the origin of which has not been explained. Stoffel, m., ‘foolish fellow,’ an abbrev. of Christoph; comp. Metze and Rüpel. stöhnen, vb., ‘to groan,’ ModHG. only, property a LG. word. Comp. the equiv. Du. stenen, AS. stunian, OIc. stynja. The verbal root sten, ‘to groan,’ is common to Teut.; comp. Sans. stan, ‘to rustle, roar,’ Gr. στένω, ‘to groan, roar,’ OSlov. stenją, ‘to groan.’ The root sten is a variant of the Aryan root ten, discussed under donnern. Stolle, f., Stollen, m., ‘prop, post, gallery (of a mine),’ from MidHG. stolle, OHG. stollo, m., ‘support, post.’ Derived, like Stall, stellen, and still, from the root stal, which appears also in Sans. sthûṇâ. The latter points, like OHG. stollo (from *stolno-), to Aryan stelnâ, ‘post’; for ll from ln comp. voll and Wolle. stolpern, vb., ‘to stumble, trip,’ early ModHG. only, an imitative form like holpern. stolz, adj., ‘proud, haughty, arrogant,’ from MidHG., late OHG. stolz, ‘foolish, arrogant, stately, splendid, magnificent, high-minded.’ The assumption that the word was borrowed from Lat. stultus, ‘foolish,’ whence Ital. stolto, ‘foolish,’ does not meet the case, for OFr. estout, ‘arrogant, bold,’ is borrowed from pre-HG. *stolto-, the meaning of which is scarcely explicable by Lat. stultus, only MidHG. stolz, ‘foolish,’ shows the influence of the Lat. and Ital. signification. Teut. *stolto is considered to be cognate with Stelze. E. stout seems to be borrowed from MidDu. stout (for stolt), with a different development in meaning. — Stolz, m., ‘pride,’ is a subst. lately formed from the adj. Stöpfel, Stöpsel, m., ‘stopper, cork,’ a ModHG. derivative of stopfen, vb., ‘to stuff, cram, mend,’ MidHG. stopfen, OHG. *stopfôn, of which a variant stoppôn, wk. vb., ‘to stuff,’ occurs; to the latter, Du. stoppen, AS. forstoppian, E. to stop, correspond. |
The assumption that the word was borrowed from MidLat. stuppare, ‘to stop with tow’ (from Lat. stuppa, ‘tow’; comp. Ital. stoppare, Fr. étoupper), is open to objection. It is more closely related to MidHG. stupfen, stüpfen, OHG. stopfôn, ‘to pierce.’ With the implied Aryan root stup (tup) is connected Sans. stump (tump), ‘to push, thrust’ (Gr. τύπτω?).
Stoppel, f., ‘stubble,’ properly a MidG. and LG. form; in genuine HG. we have UpG. štupfel, from MidHG. stupfel, OHG. stupfila, f.; comp. the equiv. Du. stoppel, E. stubble, and OSwed. stubb. Whether the cognates are borrowed from Lat. stipula (late Lat. stupila, equiv. to Ital. stoppio, Fr. étouble, ‘stubble’) is uncertain; nor has it been decided what connection there is between the Teut. word and its non-Teut. representatives (such as OSlov. stĭblo, ‘stubble’). On the other hand, the root syllable of Stoppel with that of stopfen may point to Aryan stup, ‘to prick, pierce,’ or rather it may with OIc. stúpa, ‘to project’ (to which E. steeple, from steep, is allied), be traced back to primary meaning, ‘to stand out rigid, jut, project.’ It might also be connected with the nasalised cognates of Stump, which, with Swiss stṻbes, E. stub, and OIc. stúfr, stúfe, ‘stump,’ presume a Teut. root stū̆p, stū̆b, ‘to hew off.’ stoppen, vb., ‘to stop,’ ModHG. only; borrowed, like other nautical terms, from LG. Comp. E. to stop and Bord. Stöpsel, m., see Stöpfel. Stör, m., ‘sturgeon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. störe, stüre, OHG. sturo, sturio, m.; corresponding to Du. steur, AS. styrja (styra). The Teut. term sturjo passed in the form sturio (MidLat.) into Rom.; comp. Ital. storione, Fr. esturgeon, whence the equiv. E. sturgeon. The origin of the Teut. word is obscure. Storch, m., ‘stork,’ from the equiv. MidHG. storch (variant storc, whence Stork, common to UpG. and West Thuring.); OHG. storah (hh), also storc, m.; comp. AS. storc, E. stork, and the equiv. OIc. storkr. Its prehistoric connection with Gr. τόργος, ‘vulture,’ is dubious. On the other band, the Slav. cognates, OSlov. stĭrkŭ, Russ. sterchŭ, ‘stork,’ must have been borrowed from OTeut. stören, vb., ‘to stir up, disturb, poke, rake,’ from MidHG. stœren, OHG. stôren (stôrren from *stôrjan, *staurjan), wk. vb., ‘to scatter, destroy, annihilate’; to these |
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