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to repletion’; the like stem also in E. to bouse, MidLG. bûsen, ‘to carouse’?. Bauten, plur., ‘buildings,’ ModHG. only, from bauen. baxen, vb., ‘to box, cuff,’ from LG. bâxen, which is again allied to OHG. bâgan, MidHG. bâgen. See bägern and Bengel. Bazar, m., ‘bazaar,’ ModHG. only; borrowed from Fr. bazar (ultimate source Pers. bâzâr, ‘market-place’). be-, prefix from MidHG. be, properly a verbal prefix from OHG. and Goth. bi, which has no definite meaning; identical with the prep. bei, from OHG. and MidHG. bî (Goth. bi), AS. bî, E. by. For be there appears a shorter syncopated form in bange, Erbarmen? barsch? bleiben, Block. See specially bei. beben, vb., ‘to tremble, shake,’ from MidHG. biben, OHG. bibên, ‘to shiver, tremble’; Gr. φέβομας, on account of the non-permutation of β to p and because of the ε of the root syllable, cannot be originally cognate with beben. The OTeut. word has i; comp. OSax. biƀôn, OIc. bifa, AS. beofian (from biƀôn), OHG. bibêt, ‘he trembles,’ corresponds exactly to Sans. bíbhêti, ‘he is afraid,’ in which bi- (for bhi) is the reduplicated syllable, and bhê for bhai is the augmented root syllable. The OInd. verb bhî, ‘to be afraid,’ forms its pres. by reduplication — bíbhêmi, bíbhéši, bíbhêti; to these Goth. *bibaim, *bibais, *bibaiþ, would correspond; this present was then, on account of its apparent deriv. ai, classed among the weak verbs in ai (Goth. habaiþ, OHG. habêt). The root bhî (Sans. bhî, ‘fear,’ bhîmá, ‘fearful’) is found in OSlov. boją sę, ‘I am afraid,’ běsŭ, ‘demon,’ Lith. byóti-s, ‘to be afraid,’ báime, ‘fear,’ bajùs, ‘terrible,’ baisà, ‘fright’ (and perhaps ModHG. beilen). Bi- is one of the few examples of reduplication in the pres. tense preserved in the Teut. group (comp. zittern), just as the perfect ModHG. thät, from OHG. tëta, is the sole instance of reduplication preserved in the perf. tense. Becher, m., ‘beaker, goblet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bëcher, OHG. bëhhar, bëhhâri, m.; comp. OLG. bikeri, Du. beker, OIc. bikarr, whence MidE. biker, E. beaker. These cognates are derived from LowLat. bicarium, allied to Lat. bacar (‘vas vinarium,’ according to Festus), and still appearing in Ital. bicchiere. The Lat. word was naturalised in Germany perhaps as far back as the 7th cent., probably at the same |
period as Kelch, since its c was changed into hh, ch.
Beck, m., ‘baker,’ only dial. (Alem., Suab., Bav.), from MidHG. bęcke, OHG. bęccho, akin to backen; the Goth. form may have been *baqja; ModHG. Becker is a recent form with the termination -er denoting the agent (AS. bœcere, E. baker). In ModHG. Beck, Boeckh, as well as Bäcker, have been preserved as family names. Becken, n., ‘bowl, basin,’ from MidHG. bęcken, bęcke, OHG. bęcchîn, bęcchî, n.; the latter comes (comp. Schüssel) from LowLat. and Rom. baccînum (comp. Ital. bacino, Fr. bassin), ‘basin’; its cc being double, did not undergo permutation, but remained as cc, ck. Bacccînum has been derived from the LateLat. bacca, ‘vas aquarium,’ discussed under Back; comp. Pickelhaube. Bede, f., ‘gratuity;’ borrowed from the LG. bede. It corresponds to MidHG. bëte, ‘command,’ which still exists in ModHG. with the meaning ‘request, prayer.’ Beere, f., ‘berry,’ from the plur. of the equiv. MidHG. bęr, OHG. bęri, n.; comp. Goth. *basi (only in weinabasi, n. grape; OSax. wînbęri). The OHG. r in bęri presupposes a Goth. bazi; to the s of the Goth. word Du. bes corresponds; in AS. bęrie, E. berry, the s has been changed into r. See, however, Besing. Foreign cognates are wanting; yet the Sans. root bhas, ‘to chew,’ is perhaps akin (Goth. basi, orig. ‘the edible substance’?); no connection with OHG. bëran, ‘to carry’ (see gebären), or Lat. bacca, ‘berry,’ is possible. Beet, n., ‘bed (of a garden)’; earlier ModHG. Bett still common to UpG.; really identical with Bett, for the MidHG. has bęt, bętte, OHG. bętti, meaning also ‘(garden) bed.’ According to its form Beet (comp. Biene) has arisen from the neut. sing. badi, Bett from the cases in dj (gen. badjis, dat. badja, neut. acc. plur. badja, &c.). Comp. Goth. neut. sing. badi, neut, plur. badja. E. bed is also used in the same sense as Beet (so even in AS. riscbed), E. bed of rushes, hotbed. Beete, f., ‘beetroot.’ This word, like the names of many other edible vegetables, has come from Lat.; bêta was borrowed even before the 8th cent. and naturalised in Germ., for it appears as bieȥa (the ie from ê, comp. Priester, Brief, Ziegel, Rieme, Spiegel, OHG. Pietar, from Lat. Petrum, &c.), with the permutation of t to ȥ; whence MidHG. bieȥe. The ModHG. Beete may have |
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