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Bat

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Bau

Batzen, m., ‘a coin’ (about a penny), from MidHG. batze, m., ‘small coin of the town of Bern with the Bernese coat of arms, a bear’ (MidHG. betz, ModHG. Bätz, Petz); comp. Kreuzer, Rappen. Hence Ital. bezzo, ‘money.’

Bau, m., ‘construction, structure,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. bû, m. See bauen, Bude.

Bauch, m., ‘belly, bulge,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bûch, OHG. bûh (hh), m.; the corresponding AS. bûc (E. dial. buck, ‘the inner part of a carriage’) has the same meaning; OIc. búkr, ‘body, waist.’ It is uncertain whether Bauch belongs to the Sans. root bhuj (comp. Lat. fungor), ‘to take food,’ or to Sans. bhuj, ‘to bend’ (Bauch, lit. ‘the flexible part’), Perhaps it is connected with Gr φύσκα (for φυγσκα?), ‘stomach, blister’?. It is certainly not akin to AS. bodig, E. body, OHG. botah, ‘body,’ nor is it allied to Gr. φαγεῖν, ‘to eat’ (Sans. bhaj, ‘to enjoy, partake of’).

bauchen, vb., ‘to steep in hot lye’ (LG. büken, MidLG. bûken), from the equiv. MidHG. bûchen, OHG. *bûhhên; E. to buck (dial. to bouk), for which even a MidE. term bouken occurs a few times, points to AS. *bûcian; to these Swed. byka, Ic. bauka, and Norw. boykja, are allied. The word is, moreover, diffused through most of the Teut. languages, and correctly represents MidHG. bûchen; only in the Bav. dialect is the word unrecorded. Hence the existence of a Teut. verbal root bûk (to which AS. bûc, ‘pail,’ is allied?) is undoubted, and the Rom. cognate, Fr. buer (Ital. bucare), ‘to wash,’ is more probably borrowed from the Teut. than vice versâ. The Kelt. origin of bauchen (Bret. boukat, ‘to soften’) is impossible.

Baude, see Bude.

bauen, vb., ‘to build, construct, cultivate,’ from MidHG. bûwen, OHG. and OLG. bûan (weak vb. with traces of a strong inflexion), ‘to dwell, inhabit, till, plant’; with regard to the meaning ‘to dwell,’ comp. Bau, Bauer, and Bude. To the OHG. bûan corresponds Goth. bauan, ‘to dwell, inhabit.’ The root, in accordance with the law of the permutation of consonants, is pre-Teut. bhû, which, on comparison with Sans. bhû, Gr. φύω, Lat. fui (futurus), &c., must mean ‘to be, become, arise, beget.’ With the same root are connected the following nouns, which are of importance in determining its primary

sense: OInd. bhûmis, ‘earth,’ bhûtis, ‘existence,’ φῦμα, ‘produce’ (comp. also Baum), φύσις, ‘nature,’ φῦλον, φυλή, ‘tribe, race.’

Bauer (1.), n. and m., ‘birdcage,’ a word foreign to the UpG. dialects, from MidHG. bûr, used only in the sense of ‘sojourn, birdcage;’ but OHG. bûr has the further meaning of ‘house, chamber.’ AS. bûr, ‘dwelling’ (to which E. neighbour from AS. neahgebur is related; similarly the more general meaning of Bauer appears in HG. Nachbar), E. bower, with which E. dial. bire (‘cowhouse’), AS. bŷre, is connected. The pre-Teut. form would be bhûró, with ro as a deriv. suffix. See the three following words.

Bauer (2.), m., in Erbauer, Ackerbauer, ‘tiller,’ from MidHG. bûwœre, OHG. bûâri (Goth. *bauareis is wanting), the term for the agent, from bauen.

Bauer (3.), m., ‘rustic, peasant,’ historically and etymologically different from Bauer (2.), for the MidHG. form is gebûr, OHG. gibûro, m., which belongs to the OTeut. bûr, ‘dwelling,’ discussed under Bauer (1.), and means lit. ‘co-dweller, joint-occupier,’ then ‘neighbour, fellow-citizen’ (comp. Geselle, ‘one who shares the same room’), and at a later period ‘fellow-villager, peasant, boor.’ See also Nachbar.

Baum, m., ‘tree,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. boum, m.; corresponds to OSax. bôm, Du. boom, AS. beám, m., tree,’ whence E. beam (beam in sunbeam is quite another word; G. Baum is E. tree); E. boom is and Du. bôm, ‘tree.’ The corresponding Goth. bagms and OIc. baðmr have the game phonetic form. The cognates, with Gr. φῦμα, ‘produce,’ are usually derived from the Teut. root bû, Aryan bhû, ‘to become, arise,’ discussed under bauen.

baumeln, vb., simply ModHG. ‘to hover as on a tree’?. See, however, bummeln.

bäumen, vb., ‘to rear,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘to lift oneself up like a tree.’

Bausch, m., ‘pad, bolster,’ from MidHG. bûsch, m., ‘cudgel, blow causing blisters, swelling.’ If ‘cudgel’ is the primary sense, the word may be connected with MidHG. bôȥen, OHG. bôȥȥan, from bautan (see Amboß, Beutel, Beifuß); bût- would be another stage in gradation, and before the suffix sch from sk the dental would inevitably disappear; comp. Lat. fustis, ‘cudgel,’ from *bhûd-stis.

bausen, vb., ‘to carouse, swell,’ from Baus, bûs, ‘inflation, swelling due