|
AS. brýsan, E. to bruise. — brausen, vb., ‘to roar, bluster,’ from the equiv. MidHG.; comp. Du. bruisen, ‘to bluster,’ from bruis, ‘foam, froth’; to this Brause, f., ‘watering-pot,’ also belongs. Brausche, f., ‘bump, bruise,’ from MidHG. brûsche, ‘a swelling with blood underneath’; to this E. brisket and OIc. brjósk, ‘gristle,’ are allied. The stem common to all these must have meant ‘roundish elevation.’ Braut, f., ‘bride, betrothed,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brût, OHG. brût, f. Goth. brûþs (stem brûdi-) means ‘daughter-in-law’; from this comes brûþ-faþs, ‘lord of the bride’ (faþs corresponds to Gr. πόσις, which stands, as πότνια indicates, for πότις, corresponding to OInd. patis, ‘lord’), i.e. ‘bridegroom.’ The MidHG., brût signifies ‘the young, newly married woman’; the borrowed ModFr. bru, earlier bruy, is, on account of its meaning, connected most closely with Goth. brûþs. ‘daughter-in-law’; comp. νύμφη, ‘betrothed, bride, daughter-in-law.’ In Eng. we may compare AS. brŷd, ‘betrothed,’ E. bride, which are primit. allied to the Germ.; comp. also E. bridal, from AS. brŷd-ealo, hence orig. ‘bride-ale.’ E. bridegroom is based upon E. groom, and represents AS. brŷdguma, the second component of which is Goth. guma, ‘man,’ corresponding to Lat. homo (primary form ghomon). The ModHG. Bräutigam is identical in etymology with the AS. word; comp. OHG. brûtigomo, MidHG. briutegome, in which the first part is properly gen. sing. (comp. Nachtigall). The Teut. root form brûdi- has not yet been explained etymologically; it is a word peculiar to Teut., like Weib and Frau. Goth. qino, ‘woman,’ MidHG. kone, are based on an ancient form; comp. Gr. γυνή, Sans. gnâ, ‘woman.’ brav, adj., ‘excellent, manly, brave,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. brave, the origin of which is not established (from Lat. barbarus?). brechen, vb., ‘to break,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brëchen, OHG. brëhhan; comp. the corresponding Goth. brikan, OLG. and AS. brecan, E. to break, Du. breken, ‘to break.’ From a root brek common to Teut., which is derived from pre-Teut. bhreg; comp. Lat. frangere, the nasal of which is wanting in frêg-i. The ModHG. Brachfeld, Bruch, Brocken, are formed by gradation from the same root. |
Bregen, see Brägen. Brei, m., ‘broth, pottage,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brî, brîe, m., OHG. brîo, m., allied to Du. brij, AS. brîw, ‘pottage’; Goth. *breiwa- (Goth. *breiws is related to OHG. brîo in the same way as Goth. saiws to OHG. sêo). It is hardly possible that the word is connected with the root brū̆, discussed under brauen. Did a root brī̆, ‘to cook,’ exist? comp. OIc. brîme, ‘fire.’ Gr. ορίσσω (root φρῖκ) has been suggested. breit, adj., ‘broad, wide,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. breit; it corresponds to OSax. brêd, Du. breed, AS. brâd, E. broad, Goth. braiþs, ‘broad.’ Probably from pre-Teut. mraitó-, akin to the root mrit preserved in Sans., ‘to fall to pieces’ (properly ‘to extend’?). Breme, ‘edge, border.’ See verbrämen. Breme, Bremse, f., ‘gadfly.’ Comp. MidHG. brëme, brëm, OHG. brëmo, ‘gadfly.’ Bremse is LG. for HG. Breme; comp. OLG. brimissa, AS. brimse, MidE. brimse. OHG. brëmo would be in Goth. *brima, m., Bremse, Goth. *brimisi, f. Yet E. breeze (horsefly) cannot be cognate, since breósa (and not brimes) is its AS. form. The root of Bremse, discussed under brummen, is brem (pre-Teut. bhrem, Lat. fremere), ‘to buzz, hum,’ whence also Sans. bhramara, m., ‘bee.’ Bremse, f., ‘drag-shoe,’ from MidHG. bręmse, f., ‘barnacle, muzzle.’ It cannot be identified with Bremse, ‘gadfly’ (see Breme), because the latter indicates a Goth. brimisi, while Bremse, ‘drag-shoe,’ points to a Goth. bramisjô. For Bremse, ‘drag,’ dialectal forms such as bram (with a and the loss of the suffix s) have been authenticated, but of a root bram with some such meaning as ‘to press, squeeze,’ there is no trace, The suffix s recalls Goth. jukuzi, ‘yoke,’ from the equiv. juk; comp. also aqizi, ‘axe.’ brennen, vb., ‘to burn, scorch, sting, distill’; it combines the meanings of MidHG. brinnen, str. vb., ‘to burn, give light, shine, glow,’ and its factitive brennen, wk. vb. ‘to set fire to, cause to burn’; the former is Goth., OHG. and OLG. brinnan, ‘to burn’ (intrans.), the latter Goth. brannjan, ‘to set fire to.’ Comp. AS. birnan (intrans.), bœrnan, bernan (trans.). E. to burn, is trans. and intrans., like the ModHG. word. Under Brand attention is called to the fact that only one n of the Goth. verb. brinnan belongs to the root; the second n is a suffix of the present tense (comp. also |
Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/64
Bra
( 42 )
Bre
