Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/63

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Brassen, m., ‘bream,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brahsen, brasem, OHG. brahsa, brahsima, brahsina, m., f.; the UpG. dialects still preserve the form Brachsme (the forms Brasse, f., Brassen, m., are MidLG. and MidGer.). Comp. the equiv. Du. brasem, E. brasse. From OGer. is derived Fr. brême (from brahsme?), whence E. bream is borrowed. The class belongs perhaps to an OTeut. str. vb. brëhwan, ‘to shine.’

Braten, m., ‘roast-meat,’ from MidHG. brâte, OHG. brâto, m.; in the earlier periods of the language the word has the general meaning ‘tender parts of the body, flesh,’ but in MidHG. the modern meaning is also apparent. To this AS. brœ̂de, ‘roast-meat,’ is allied. Comp. the following word.

braten, vb., ‘to roast, broil, fry,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brâten, OHG. brâtan; comp. Du. braden, AS. brœ̂dan, ‘to roast’; a Goth. str. vb. *brêdan is to be assumed. The root may have been a pre-Teut. bhrêdh or bhrêt; in support of the latter we may perhaps adduce OHG. brâdam, quoted under Brodem. Brüten (Goth. *brôdjan) might also be assigned to the same root. The pre-Teut. bhrêdh is also indicated by Gr. πρήθω (if it stands for φρήθω?), ‘to consume, set on fire’ (chiefly in combination with πυρί). See also Wildpret.

brauchen, vb., ‘to use, need, want, require,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brûchen, OHG. brûhhan; comp. the corresponding AS. brûcan, ‘to enjoy,’ also ‘to digest, tolerate,’ E. to brook; Goth. *brûkjan, ‘to use, enjoy.’ Not found orig. in Scand. The pre-Teut. form of the root bhrū̆g accords with Lat. fruor, which originated in *fruvor for *frugvor; the Lat. partic. fructus, which phonetically is identical with gebraucht and Goth. brûhts, shows the final guttural of the root, and so does Lat. fruges, &c. The following are Teut. noun forms from the root brûk (bhrûg): ModHG. Brauch, m. (comp. OHG. brûh), Goth. brûks, AS. brŷce, OHG. brûchi, ‘serviceable, useful.’

Braue, f., ‘eyebrow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brâ, brâwe, OHG. brâwa, f.; a pre-Teut. and more remotely old Aryan word, which was perhaps *brêwa in Goth. The OGall. and Kelt. brîva, identical with this word, signifies ‘bridge,’ and is especially important as proving the connection between these cognates and those of Brücke. OHG. brâwa (Aryan bhrêwâ) is related by

gradation to Aryan bhrû, which is proved by AS. brû, E. brow, OSlov. brŭvĭ, Sans. bhrû, Gr. ὀ-φρύς. Comp. further OIc. brá, OLG. brâha (for brâwa), AS. brœ̂w, m., and also perhaps Lat. frons, ‘forehead.’ A widely diffused Aryan root. The ModHG. Braune has added to the stem the suffix n, which belonged to the declension of the weak form Braue (comp. Biene); similarly OIc. brún, corresponding to AS. brû, was formed from brû and the n of the weak declension (in AS. the gen. plur. is brûna}. Braue, like the names of many limbs and parts of the body (see Fuß, Niere, Herz, Leber, Nase), originated in the primit. Aryan period. The orig. meaning, however, of the primit. Aryan bhrû-s (‘eye)-brow,’ is as difficult to discover as that of Herz. See also Brücke

brauen, vb. ‘to brew,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brûwen, briuwen, OHG. briuwan; comp. the corresponding OIc. brugga, Du. brouwen, AS. breówan, E. to brew. To the OTeut. root bru (from Aryan bhru- bhrĕw), ‘to brew,’ which may be inferred from these verbs, belongs Phryg.-Thrac. βρῦτον, ‘beer, cider,’ which perhaps stands for Gr. *φρῦτον, also Lat. defrū̆tum, ‘must boiled down,’ OIr. bruthe, ‘broth,’ bruth, ‘live coals, heat,’ bruith, ‘cooking.’ It is shown, moreover, under Brod that the meaning of the root bhru- was at one time more general; comp. further brodeln. On account of the gutturals, Gr. φρύγω, Lat. frîgo, cannot be cognates. Comp. also brodeln, Brod.

braun, adj., ‘brown,’ from MidHG. brûn, ‘brown, dark-coloured, shining, sparkling,’ OHG. brûn; comp. the corresponding Du. bruin, AS. brûn, E. brown, OIc. brúnn. This Teut. term passed into Rom. (comp. the cognates of Ital. bruno, Fr. brun; see Blond); hence also Lith. brunas, ‘brown.’ The proper stem of Aryan bhr-ûna-, appears in Lith. beras, ‘brown’ (comp. Bär), and reduplicated in OInd. babhrú-s, ‘reddish brown, bay’ (this form of the adj. being apparently a common Aryan term for a brownish mammal living in water; comp. Biber); hence it may be right to assign Gr. φρύνη, φρῦνος, ‘toad,’ to this root. Respecting Braun as a name for the bear, see Bär. —

Bräune, f., from MidHG. briune, ‘brownness,’ related to braun (as a malady, ‘brownish inflammation of the windpipe’).

Braus, m., from the equiv. MidHG. brûs, ‘noise, tumult’; perhaps cognate with