b. in Boston, Mass., 8 Feb., 1825, was one of the intellectual circle of factory-girls that composed the staff of the “Lowell Offering.” She is a sister of John W. Hanson. She contributed poems to the Lowell “Courier” while Mr. Robinson was its editor, and from this introduction sprang a friendship that resulted in their marriage on 30 Nov., 1848. She was his assistant in his editorial work, and was as devoted as himself to the anti-slavery cause. She has also taken an active part in the woman's-rights movement, and in 1888 was a member of the International council of women at Washington, D. C. Her works include “Massachusetts in the Woman Suffrage Movement” (Boston, 1881); “Early Factory Labor in New England” (1883); and “Captain Mary Miller,” a drama (1887).
ROBITAILLE, Theodore, Canadian states-
man, b. in Varennes, Quebec, 29 Jan., 1834: d. in
New Carlisle, 18 Aug., 1897. He was educated at
Laval university, and McGill college, where he was
graduated in medicine in 1858. He became a suc-
cessful physician, and represented Bonaventure in
the Canada assembly from isiu till 1807, and in
the Dominion parliament from 1867 till July, 1878.
Mi- also represented that place in the Quebec as-
sembly from 1871 till January. 1874, when he re-
tired in order to confine himself to the Dominion
parliament. He became a member of the privy
council of Canada, and was receiver-general from
30 Jan., 1873, till 5 Nov. of that year, when he re-
signed with the administration. He was lieuten-
ant-governor of the province of Quebec from 26
July, 1879, until September, 1884. He became a
member of the Canadian senate, 28 Jan., 1885.
His brother, Louis, Canadian physician, b. in Va-
rennes, Quebec, 30 Oct.. is:ili. was educated at the
Seminary of Sainte Therese and at McGill uni-
versitv. where he was graduated as a physician in
1 si in. He established himself at New Carlisle, and
was successful in his practice. Dr. Robitaille was
appointed in January, 1869, surgeon of the regi-
mental division of Bonaventure, in 1871 commis-
sioner for the census for the county of Bonaven-
ture, and in 1875 vice-consul of France' for the
district of Gaspe. He was collector of customs at
New Carlisle in ls7:!-'S3, and was a member of the
Dominion senate from 8 Feb., 1883, till 25 Jan.,
I svy when he resigned. In 1885 he was appointed
inspector of customs, and vice-president of the Baie
des Chaleurs railway. In 1879 he was elect rd to
the Dominion parliament for Bonaventure, but de-
clined. He has travelled extensively. Both the
brothers are Conservatives in politics.
ROBLEDO, Jorje (ro-blay'-do), Spanish soldier,
b. in Spain in the beginning of the llitli rcntury :
d. in Santiago de Armas, Colombia, 1 Oct., 15411
He went to New Granada with the expedition of
Pedro de Heredia (q. v.) in 1533, and in 1537 ac-
companied the expedition of the governor of Carta-
gena, Pedro Badillo, for the conquest of the prov-
ince of Antioquia, which had been discovered by
Francisco Cesar. After the unsuccessful return of
Badillo, Robledo, with part of the former's followers
and fresh troops, penetrated again to the interior
in 1539, and founded in the valley of Aserma the
city of Santa Ana de los Caballeros. In 1541 he left
Santa Ana with 160 men for the conquest of
Antioquia, and, after defeating the Pastusos and
Pijaos Indians, founded the city of Santa Cruz de
Antioquia. lie went to Spain in 1542 to obtain a
royal commission as governor, and during his ab-
sence Pedro de Heredia and Velalcazar disputed
the title to the province, the latter remaining at
last in possession. On Robledo's return from
Spain in 1546 he tried to reconquer the territory.
but was surprised by Velalcazar at Loma de las
Coles, carried to Armas, and executed there.
ROBLES PEZUELA, Manuel (ro-bles-pay-
thway'-lah), Mexican soldier, b. in Guanajuato about
1810; d. in Chalchimocula. 24 March, 1862. He
entered the Military college in his youth, and in
1832 the engineer corps. In 1842 he became cap-
tain, and was appointed professor in the Military
college, and in 1846 he became lieutenant-colonel.
In the same year he was engineer-in-chief of the
fortifications of Vera Cruz during the siege and
bombardment by the U. S. forces. He also forti-
fied the passes of Cerro Gordo and Penon Viejo. and
from 11 till 13 Sept., 1847, served under Santa-
Anna at Chapnltepec. After the evacuation of
the capital by the Mexican forces he retired with
the army to Queretaro, and in the next year served
under Bustamante against the revolution of Pare-
des in Guanajuato. Afterward he took part in the
whole campaign of Sierra Gorda. In 1852 Gen.
Arista made him secretary of war, and in the same
year he marched to the northern frontier to subdue
the revolutionary forces of Carbajal. After the
accession of Santa-Anna he was banished, and
travelled through the United States and Europe
to study fortification, being present during part of
the Crimean war. He returned to Mexico in Sep-
tember, 1858, joined Gen. Eeheagaray against the
government of Zuloaga, and, after the fall of that
president, Robles took charge of the executive.
His government was of short duration, as he did
not receive the necessary support from the other
generals, and resigned the executive, 21 Jan.. !*.">! i.
In the same year he was appointed by Miramon
commander of the forces that were besieging Vera
Cruz, and he took part with that general in the
campaign against the constitutional forces until
the battle of Calpulalpam, 23 Dec., 1860. He then
lived in retirement until the foreign invasion in
December, 1861, when, as the Republican govern-
ment distrusted him, he was confined to the inte-
rior and ordered to reside in Zacatecas ; but he
disobeyed, and was on his way to join the French
army when he was arrested at Tuxtepec on 20
March, carried to San Andres, and condemned by
court-martial to be shot. The sentence was exe-
cuted, notwithstanding the intervention of Gen.
Prim, and the envoys of France, Belgium, and the
United States.
ROCAFUERTE, Vicente (ro-cah-foo-air'-tay), South American statesman, b. in Guayaquil. Ecuador, 3 May, 1783; d. in Lima, Peru, 16 May. 1847. In 1812 he was elected deputy for his province to
the Spanish cortes. where his opposition to the arbitrary government of Ferdinand VII. caused him to be persecuted, and he fled to France. In 1819 he went to Lima and the United States, where he published, by order of the Mexican patriots, a work
advocating independence. In 1824 he went to Mexico and became secretary of Gen. Michelena on a diplomatic mission to England. In December of that year the British government recognized tin-
independence of Mexico. Soon afterward Michclena returned, and Rocafuerte, remaining as eliai-ye d'affaires, concluded in 1826 a commercial treaty with Great Britain. In 1830 he resigned and re-
turned to Mexico, where he was co-editor of tin 1 M per "Fenix de la Libertarl." attacking the de-pot ir administration of Gen. Bustamante. For this he was persecuted, and he resolved to return to Guayaquil, where he arrived in 1*:!:!. Soon after his ar-
rival he was appointed deputy to eongiv-> for the province, of Pichincha. but lie was exiled for his opposition to the administration. The province of Guayaquil now declared against the government
