Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/317

of Gen. Flores. and appointed Roeafuerte supreme chief. lie was taken prisoner by Flores. but they were reconciled. aml Hocafuct'te promised to On— operate in the renrgauilation ot' the republic. He was appointed chief of the provinces of Guayaquil aml Manabi. aml in 182:5 was elect- ed constitutional president of the republic. He. in- I'l't Idllced man y re- forms. especially in the public treas- ury. In 1839 he was appointed governor of the province of Guay- aquil. and in 1843 he was a deputy to the convention that was held in Quito. The pro- visioual govern— ment of ti March. 1845. appointed him minister to Peril. whence he sent arms and other implements

of war. In 1845

he was elected senator by four provinces. and in the congress of 1846 he became president of the senate. On account of the expedition that Gen. Flores was preparing in Europe. ltncafuerte was appointed minister to ('hili. I’eru. aml Bolivia. to arrange for means of defence against that invasion. Although he was ill. he accepted this patriotic mission. but died soon after his arrival in Lima. The illustration represents his tomb in Lima. He wrote " Idéas necesarias a todo pueblo independiente. que quierc ser libre " (Phila- delphia. 1H20) : " Bosquejo ligerisimo de la revolu- cion de Mejico. desde el grito de Iguala hasta la pro— (-lamacion imperial” (1521): “ I‘ll sistema Coloni- hiano popular. electivn y representativo. es el que mas conviene a la America imlependiente " (1823): " t‘artas de un Americann sobre las ventajas de los gobiernos republicanos federativos “ ( Lomlon. 1-825): “ Ensayo sobre carceles " aml “ Ensayo sobre toler- ancia religiosa. bajo el aspeeto politico. y como me- dio de enlnnizacion y de progreso " (Mexico. 1831).

ROCHA. Justiniano Jose da (1'o'-ehah). Bra- zilian journalist. b. in Rio Janeiro. 8 Nov.. 1812; (I. there in 1-863. He reCeived his education in France. at the College of Henry IV.. and returned to S. Paulo. where he was graduatcd in law. In 1R3“ he founded the periodicals “Atlante” aml ‘ L‘hronista." the last in opposition to the regent. lliogo Antonio Feijo. In 1:439 he became a mem- ber of the Conservative party. and. ceasing to pal)- lish the “ Chronista." founded the " Brazil " in 1840. in which he opposed the declaration of the majority of the emperor. When the ministry of the major- ity was organized on 24 July. his journal became the organ of the opposition. In 1838 he had been appointed professor of ancient history and geogra— phy in the Imperial college ot' I’edro II. In 1-841 he obtained the chair of law in the Military college of Itin Janeiro. and in 1850 he taught Latin and French in the same institution. He was also an editor of the "Jornal do Commercio.“ and wrote " t‘onsideraeoes sobre a justica criminal no Brazil 6 Specialmente sobre é. juridiccao en que son dem- onstrados os defeitos, radicalcs de esta tao reputada lustituiefio" (Rio Janeiru. 1835); " Concise de geo- graphia elementaria offrecida ao Governo dc sun majestade e acceptada por ellos para el uso dos alumnos do ('ollegio Imperial Pedro II." (1535); and translations of French novels (12439—15).

ROCHAMBEAU. Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeure. (‘ount dc (ro-sham-ho). French suldier. b. in \'endnme. 1 July. 1725: d. in his castle at Thoré. 10 May. 1807. His father was a lieuten- ant-general and governor of Vendome. The son was destined for the church. and receivcd his edu- cation in the college of the Jesuits at Blois. “hen the death of his elder brother left him sole heir to the paternal estate. He entered the army in 1742 as cornet in the regiment of Saint Simon. and served across the Rhine. and in Bavaria and Bo- hemia. Ile was promoted as colonel in March. 1747. was present at. the siege of Maestricht in 1748. and after the conclusion of peace WU!) for his regiment a great reputation for precision in drill. ()n 1 June. 74!). he succeeded his father as gov- ernor 0f Vendome. At Minorca. in April. 1756. he led his regiment to the assault of Fort St. I'hilippe.and greatly contributed to the capture of Port Mahon. He was then created a knight of St. Louis. promoted ln-igzulier-general. and served with great. credit in Germany in 1758—151. Ile became inspector-general of cavalry in 1769. aml lieuten- ant-general. 1 March. 1780. (‘ount Iii-chambeau was appointed to the command of the army that was destined to support the American patriots. and obtained from Louis XVI. permission to increase it to 6.000 men. He embarked at Brest. 2 May. ITHO. and sailed immediately under the escort of (‘heia- lier de Ternay with five ships of the line. Off Iter- muda a British fleet attacked them: but it was driven back. and on 12 July they lauded safely in Ithodc Island. Huchambeau began immediately to erect fortifications by which he prevented Sir Henry Clinton and Admiral Arbuthnut front mak- ing an attack that they had concerted. After es- tablishing his headquarters at Newport. he \\ rote to Lafayette. on 27 Aug. urging the. adoption of a cautious plan of operations. and in an interview with Washington at Hartford. on ‘32 Sept“ con- certed the operations of the following cainlaign. He established a severe discipline among his troops. and sent his son to Paris on ‘28 Oct. to urge the forwarding of money. supplies. and re—enforce- ments. Aftcrre- ceiving tidings of the arrival of Count de (h'asse with 3.000 men. he had another interview with \Vashington. in which the plan of the Virginian campaign was de-

termined. IIe

19“ his qlml'tt‘l‘r‘. 18 June. 1781. and. marching toward IIlldsnn river. defeated on Manhattan island a detachment of Clinton’s army. and crossed the river as if he intended to enter XewJers-cy. but. instead. joined Washington's army at Phillipsburg. nine miles from Kingsbridge. This skilful movement compelled Clinton to abandon his roposed evpedition for the relief of Cornwallis. and obliged the latter to retire from Virginia. After crossing