fareth in them that be melancholy. And the cheekes ſhewe not onely the diuerſitie of complection, but alſo the qualytie of affection and will of the heart. For after the affections of the heart, by ſodaine feare, either ioye, they were ſodaynly pale or red. This ſaith Conſtantine.
¶Of the beard. Cap. 15.
COnſtantine ſaith, that the beard[1] is the ſeemlines and ornament of mans face: and ſo appearing and couering the cheekes, in one part it beautifieth, and in another it helpeth: for by the hairineſſe thereof, it defendeth the ſinewes of the chéekes from colde aire. And therefore the beard is a needfull feature for the cheekes, and the beard is a token of vertue and ſtrength of kindly heate. And this is ye cauſe why a man hath a beard, and not a woman: for a man is kindly more hot then a woman. And therefore in a man the ſmoake, that is matter of haire, increaſeth more than in a woman: and for that kinde ſufficeth not to waſt that ſmoke, it putteth and driueth it out by two places, in the head and in the beard. And therefore ſometime women hot & moyſt of complection haue heards, and in the wiſe men of colde and drye complection, haue lyttle beards, and therfore on men that be gelded, growe no beards: for they haue loſt the hot members that ſhould bréed the hot humour & ſmoake, the matter of hayre. And ſo it followeth, that thickneſſe of the beard is ſigne and token of heate and of ſubſtantiall humour, and of ſtrength, and a certaine aſſay to know difference betwéene men and women. In children grow no beards, though they be hot and moyſt: for the ſuperfluitie of the ſumoſitie, that is, the matter of hayre, paſſeth and turneth into the waxing and féeding of children. Huc vſque Conſtant. And Ariſtotle ſayth li. 19. that ye haires of the bearde, lyke as the haires of the head, in the diſpoſition thereof, preſenteth and ſheweth the qualytie of the vapour or fat humour, of the which they be gendred: for if the humour be ſmokie, hot, and drye, the haire as well of the beard as of the head, ſhall be criſpe and curled. And that falleth, becauſe they paſſe by two contrarye wayes: For the earthie parts moue toward the neather partes, and the heate moueth toward the neather parts: and ſo the haire is curled and criſpie for feebleneſſe thereof. And that happeneth through ſcarcitie of moyſture, and multitude and plentie of the earthy part, and ſo by great heate they be criſpie and curled. But if the vapour be ful moyſt, the hayre ſhall be ſofte and long: for the humour runneth making ſlipperie till it come to the haire. And therefore the haire of the head & of the beard of them that dwell in Thracia,[2] be ſofte and ſmoothe: For their complection is moyſt, and the arye that they dwell in is moyſt. And contrariwiſe it hapneth in men that haue drye brayne, and dwel in hot regions and countreyes, for the dryneſſe of the ayre that they dwell in. And he ſaith, That the coulour of the hayre of the bearde, chaungeth by chaunging of age: and therefore in age the beard wereth hore, for féebleneſſe of heat and plentie of colde. And ſometime the hayre of the beard falleth away, through withdrawing of heate and of moyſture, as it fareth in men that be gelded, and ſometime through corrupt humours, as it fareth in lepers. For as Ariſtotle ſayth, The fallyng of haire,[3] is lyke to the fallyng of leaues of trees, and the cauſe heereof is, withdrawing of hot humours and fat: and therefore the leaues of trées in which is fat humour fall not. Huc vſque Ariſt. lib. 19.
¶Of the Iawes. Cap. 26.
ISidore ſayth Libro. 11. That Mandibulae the Iawes,[4] haue that name Mandibulae of Manducare to eate. Of the iawes, one is the ouer iawe, in which the ouer teeth be fixed: another is the neather iawe, in which the neather teeth be rooted. And the ouer iawe hath this propertie, that in euery beaſt it is ſtedfaſt and moueth not, except the Crocodile,[5] that moueth the ouer iaw againſt kinde of all other beaſts, and holdeth the neather iawe ſtill, and moueth it not, as ſaith Ariſtotle lib. 3.
