student of men and manncrs, but will serve to broider the
fringes of serious history, and will give additional light and
colour to the record of the character and the habits of men.
For indeed the sports and pastimes of a people are no insigni-
ficant product. of its national spirit, and react to no small degree
upon national character. They have not unfrequently had
their share in grave events, and the famous and oft-quoted saying of the Duke of Wellington respecting the playing fields at
Eton (se non è vero, è ben trovato) contains a truth, applicable in
a wider sense to national struggles and to victories other than
Waterloo.
Pastimes and amusements generally may be divided into two main classes: (1) those that have been invented simply as a means of recreation, such as cricket, tennis, racquets, etc.; and (2) those that have their origin in the primary needs of mankind. The latter have in many cases, as civilisation has advanced, and the particular needs have been supplied in other ways, survived as pastimes by reason of the natural pleasure and the excitement and the emulation which accompanied them, Of this latter class, those that have appropriated the name of ’sport' par excellence, such as hunting, shooting, fishing, etc., hold the field, so to speak, in antiquity, as compared with other pastimes, having their origin in the initial necessities and natural instincts of man, which compelled him to fight with and to destroy some wild beasts, that he might not himself be eaten, and to catch or kill others that he might have them to eat.
The spirit of emulation and the pride of skill, and the desire of obtaining healthy exercise for its own sake, have been among the principal causes which have converted into sports and pastimes man's means and methods of locomotion. Almost every class of movement which can be pressed into that form of competition which is called a race, or in which a definite comparison of skill is possible, has been enlisted in the host of amusements with which civilisation consoles its children for the loss of the wild delights of the untutored savage.
