PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
of Germain Audran, was born at Lyons in 1670,
and instructed in engraving by his uncle Gerard.
He did not execute many plates, but assisted his
brothers in forwarding theirs. He died at Paris about
1712. He engraved some copies of the large plates
executed by his relatives. There is a set of seven
middle-sized plates by him of the ' Seven Acts of
Mercy,' after Bourdon. He also engraved after
the works of Le Bran, Poussin, and other French
painters.
AUDRAN, Prosper Gabriex, the grandson of Jean Audran, bom in Paris in 1744, was a pupil of his uncle Benoit II., but having no vocation for art, he abandoned it for the law. He after- wards became teacher of Hebrew in the College de France, which office he retained until his death in 1819. He etched some studies of heads.
ADER, JoHANN Paul, who was born at Nuremberg in 1636, studied from 1654 to 1658 under Georg Cbristoph Eimmart at Ratisbon. In 1660 he went to Venice, and there received instructions from Pietro Libri. He then went to Rome, where he stayed upwards of four years, and thence through Turin and Lyons to Paris, and so home to Nuremberg in 1670. He died in 1687. Auer painted historical, landscape, and genre pictures, besides portraits of many famous personages, for which he was very celebrated.
ADERBACH, Johaxx Gottfried, was born at Muhlhausen, in Thuringia, in 1697. He went to Vieima, where he subsequently rose to great fame as a portrait painter. He was court-painter to the Emperor Charles VI., and also to the Empress Maria Theresa. He died in Vienna in 1753. In the Bel- vedere Gallery there is a portrait of Charles VI. by him : he also painted, in 1728, the heads of Charles VI. and Count von Althan, in the large picture by Solimena, in the same gallery, which represents the Emperor receiving from the Count the inventory of the Royal Picture Gallery. A 'St. Anne,' by Auerbach, is in the church of St. Margaret in Vienna. He engraved a plate of himself painting the portrait of his wife.
AUERBACH, Karl, son of Johann Gottfried Auerbach, was bom at Vienna in 1723, and became, under his father's instruction, a talented painter of portraits and history. The cathedral of St. Stephen in Vienna possesses an altar-piece and a ceiling- painting by him. At Hetzendorf and Innsbruck iliere are also examples of his art. Karl Auerbach died in Vienna in 1786 (or 1788).
AUGUSTIN, Jean Baptists Jacques, a miniature painter in enamel, was bom at St. Die (Vosges), in 1759. He went to Paris in 1781, where he straggled against the bad taste then prevailing, and regenerated the almost forgotten art practised by Petitot. In 1819 he was appointed miniature painter to the King, and in 1821 was honoured with the title of Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur. His miniatures, which are distinguished by purity of design, vigour of tone, and richness of colour, are eagerly sought for by collectors. Amongst the finest portraits produced by him are those of 'Napoleon I.,' 'The Empress Josephine,' 'Louis Buonaparte,' ' Caroline Murat,' ' Louis XVIII.,' ' The Duke of Angouleme,' ' Baron Denon,' ' Gi- rodet the Painter,' 'Lord William Bentinck ; ' and especially his female portraits after Greuze. He died of cholera in Paris in 1832.
AUGUSTINI, Jan, who was bom at Groningen in 1725, studied under Philip van Dijk. He painted flowers with some degree of merit ; and his portraits were considered to possess an astonish- ing resemblance. He died at Haarlem in 1773, according to Van der Willigen and Van Eynden, although Terwesten says he was still living there in 177G.
AULNE, De l'. See Delaune.
AUROUX, Nicolas, an engraver, who was born at Pont-Saint-Esprit (Gard), worked in Lyons and Turin in the middle of the 17th century. Heineken speaks of four portraits by him, and a print of the ' Virgin Mary holding the Infant Saviour, with St. John kissing His foot." There is also a Frontis- piece by him to the second volume of Daniel Sennert's Opera medica; dated 1650. In Meyer's ' Kiinstler-Lexikon ' there is a list of 30 engravings by him.
AUSTIN, Richard T., who flourished in London in the beginning of the 19th century, studied under John Bewick, and became a wood-engraver of moderate ability. He was chiefly employed by the booksellers. He executed the cuts for Linnsus's 'Travels in Lapland,' published in 1811, and occasionally painted landscapes.
AUSTIN, Samuel, was in early life a banker's clerk in Liverpool. In 1824 he went to London and joined the Society of British Artists, with whom he exhibited for three years. He then, in 1827, became an associate member of the Society of Painters in Water Colours, and contributed landscapes and sea-side pictures to their exhibitions, until his death in 1834.
AUSTIN, William, an English engraver, born in London in 1721. He was instructed in the art by George Bickliam, and has engraved some plates of landscapes, after Van der Neer, Ruisdael, and Zuccarelli. His principal works were a set of six plates of ' Views of Ancient Rome,' and four of the ' Ruins of Palmyra.' He died at Brighton in 1820. AUSTRIA, Don Joan of. See Jdan.
AUTGUERS, G., a French engraver, who resided at Lyons about the year 1623, worked chiefly for the publishers, and engraved some portraits and other book plates, which are very indifferently executed.
AUTISSIER, Louis Marie, who was bom at Vannes, in Brittany, in 1772, studied art under Vautrin, and then passed some time as a soldier. He afterwards settled at Brussels, and devoted himself to miniature painting, and became famous for his portraits. The following years of his life were divided between Belgium, Holland, and France. He exhibited works at Brussels, Ghent, Antwerp, Amsterdam, and Paris ; and was much employed in painting miniature portraits of the sovereigns, nobility, and celebrities of Belgium and the Netherlands. Autissier occasionally exe- cuted historical works also in miniature. He died at Brussels in 1830. At one time of his life he adopted the Christian names of Jean Franyois, which his father bore.
AUTREAU, Jacques, a French portrait painter and dramatic poet, was bom in Paris in 1657. He died in 1745. His portrait of himself is in the Musee of Versailles.
AUTREAU, Louis, the son of Jacques Autreau, painted portraits and genre subjects. He was bom about 1692 in Paris, where he died in 1760. It is doubtful whether some portraits are by tho father or by the son.
AUVRAV, Joseph Felix Henri, a French historical painter, was bom at Cambrai in 1800. He was a pupil of Momal in Valenciennes, and after-
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