PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
graver in the time of Charles II., whose portrait he
painted. He is known as the author of ' Ars Pictoria, an Academy treating of Painting, &c., with
tliirty-one copper-plates ; with an Appendix on
Miniature Painting,' 1675 ; and of ' A Compendious
Drawing-Book,' with forty copper-plates, 1677.
BROWNE, Hablot Knight, better known as 'Phiz,' was bom at Kennington, June 15, 1815. His father, a merchant, was a native of Norfolk. Hablot (so named after a French officer killed at Waterloo, to whom his sister was betrothed) was apprenticed to William Finden, and domiciled in London with a sister married to Elkanan Bieknell, the well-known collector. Engra-ring, however, was not to the boy's taste, and he began to dabble in water-colour. After his time was out h^ took a modest lodging in company with a friend, and entered as a student at the St. Martin's Lane life- school, where Etty was working at the time. In 1832 Browne gained a medal from the Society of Arts, having in 1830 begun that association with Dickens for which he is chiefly remembered. His first drawings were for 'Sunday as it is, by Timothy Sparks.' The publication of ' Pickwick ' followed in the same year, and after the death of Eobert Seymour, and the failure of Buss, Browne was chosen by Dickens to finish the series. On the first two plates he signed himself ' Nemo,' but afterwards adopted 'Phiz,' as more in harmony with ' Boz.' This association between writer and artist lasted many years, and bore fruit in ' Nicho- las Nickleby' (1839), ' Martin Chuzzlewit' (1844), 'Dombey and Son' (1848), 'David Copperfield ' (1850), 'Bleak House '(1853), 'Little Dorrit' (1855), and ' A Tale of Two Cities ' (1859). Later, ' Phiz ' designed illustrations for the novels of Ainsworth, Lever, and Frank Smedley ; his mastery of horses serving him well with the two latter. After his prosperity became assured he left London, and lived successively at Croydon and at Banstead, working at his art, and spending most of his leisure in the hunting-field. He painted in water-colours and occasionSly in oil, contributing for many years to the British Institution and the Society of British Artists, and even competing at Westminster Hall in 1843. In 1867 he was overtaken by partial paralysis, and though he continued to work for the fifteen years that passed before his death, his hand had lost its cunning. Towards the close of his life he received a small pension from the Royal Academy. In 1880 he moved with his wife and family to Brighton, where he died, July 8, 1882.
BROWNE, Henriette. See Desaux.
BROWNE, John, the son of a Norfolk clergyman, was born at Finchingfield, in Essex, in 1741 {Redgrave). He was educated at Norwich, and in 1756 was sent to London, where he was placed with John Tinney the engraver. William WooUett was his fellow apprentice. He quickly distinguished himself in his art, and in 1768 exhibited an en- graving of ' St. John Preaching in the Wilderness,' after Salvator Rosa, which brought him into much notice. Two years afterwards he was made an associate engraver of the Royal Academy, and he became distinguished as an excellent engraver of landscapes. Many of his works were published by Alderman Boydell. He died at Walworth in 1801. The following are his principal engravings :
St. John Preaching in the Wilderness; after Salvator Rosa. A Landscape, with a Sportsman ; after G. Poussin ; in the Houghton CoUection. A Kitchen ; after Teniers. The Cottage ; after Hobbema. 1773. The "Waggoner ; after Rubens. 1776; fine. A Landscape ; after the same ; from a picture in the col- lection of the Duke of Montagu. The Market ; after the same; from a picture in the Royal Collection. The Milkmaid ; after the same. Apollo and the Muses granting Longevity to the Sibyl of Coma ; after Salvator Rosa. Landscape, with a 'Waterfall ; after G. Poussin.
BROWNE, J. C, who was born at Glasgow in 1805, practised as a landscape painter in the Low Countries, Spain, in London, in Edinburgh, and in bis native Glasgow. He died in Edinburgh in 1867.
BROWNLIE, R. A., was brought up as an architectural and mechanical draughtsman. On his first coming up to London from the north, he exhibited at the New English Art Club, but in later years established himself as a black-and-white artist, and became known by his caricatures, many of his drawings, done in conjunction with another artist, appearing in ' Sketch ' and ' Judy ' under the initials R. A. B. He died in Edinburgh in 1897.
BROZIK, Wexceslas, historical painter, born at Tremosyna, near Pilsen, Bohemia, in 1851. At the outset of his career he was a pupil of the School of Beaux Arts at Prague, and subsequently continued his studies at the Munich Art Schools, being largely under the influence of Pilotys school. It was in the year 1876 that he first came to live in Paris to study under Bonnat. In the following year his first pictures were exhibited in the Salon, to wit : ' The Departure of Dagmar, fiancee of King Valde- mar IL of Denmark, 1205,' and ' An Episode in the Hussite War.' Another picture of his, painted in 1878, 'The Embassy of King Ladisl is to the Court of Henry VII.,' was acquired for the National Gallery of Berlin. Later on, he devoted much of his time to portraiture, with no little success. He was decorated with the Legion of Honour on July 22, 1884, being promoted to the rank of officer on July 12, 1890. He gained a second-class medal in 1878, and the honour of nobility was conferred upon him by the Emperor of Austria. His death occurred at the age of forty-nine.
BRU, MosEK VicESTE, according to Palomino Yelasco, was bom at Valencia in 1682. He was the scholar of Juan Conchillos, and gave promise of uncommon ability. Before he was twenty-one years of age he had painted several pictures for the churches in his native city, of which that author mentions three in the church of San Juan del Meroado — 'St. Francisco de Paula,' 'The Bap- tism of Christ by St. John,' and a picture of 'AH the Saints.' He died in 1703.
BRDANDET, Lazabe, a French landscape painter, was born in Paris in 1755. He painted views of Paris, and sought to imitate RuisdaeL In the Louvre there is by liim a ' View in the Forest of Fontainebleau,' signed and dated 1785. He died in Paris in 1803.
BRDCKER. See Pbuggeb.
BRUCKMANN, Alexandee, historical and portrait painter, was born at Reutlingen in 1806, and commenced painting in 1824 at Stuttgart. In the following year he removed to Munich, and in 1829 to Rome, where he remained two years, and there produced his picture, now in the State Gallery at Stuttgart, ' Barbarossa's Body drawn out of the Calycadnus.' In 1833 he painted, in the royal palace at Munich, fourteen pictures from Theocritus's poems, which were partly his own conceptions, and partly from designs by H. Hess. In
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