A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
1835 he received a concussion of the brain from
the upsetting of a carriage, and this brought^ on a
chronic nervous derangement, ending in delirium
and death in 1852 at Stuttgart. In addition to a
number of excellent portraits, mention is made of
his ' Women of Weinsberg,' ' The Sirens,' ' Itomeo
and Juliet,' and 'The Maiden from Afar' (Schiller's
'Das Madchen aus der Fremde ').
BRtJGGE, RoGiER VAN. See Van der Weyden.
BRUEGHEL. As, from the alphabetical ar- rangement of this dictionary, the names of the members of this family are intermingled with those of synonymous painters with whom they are in no way connected, it has been thought advis- able to append a genealogical table to show their various relationships. The name which from custom became a surname arose from the fact of the first member of this family having been a native of a village of that name near Breda. The modern spelling of which, Breughel, has, in error, been assigned by many to the painter.
Peter I. (Boeieu Brueghel) (1630—1569) Peeter II. Jan I. (Fluweelen Braeghel) (H511en Bracgliel) (1563— 1025), married— (1564— 1637-3S) 1. Isabella (le Jode ; 2. Catherina van MarlenburK Peeter III. i ' 1 I . , (1589— 163S-39) JaD II. Ambrosias Paschasie Anua Brueghel (1001- 16..) (leir— 16751 married (married VanKessel) David Tenlers)
BRUEGHEL, Abraham, called Rtxgraf, was bom at Antwerp in 1672. He excelled in the painting of flowers and fi'uit, both in oil and water-colours. A flower-piece by him is in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg, and another is in the Pitti Palace, Florence. He was called ' II Napoli- tano,' from his residence in Naples, in which city the greater part of his works are found. He died at Rome in 1720. His brother Jan_ Baptist
BRnE(3HEL was also a fruit and flower painter ; he was born at Antwerp in 1670, and died at Rome in 1719. Caspar Brdeqhel was the son of Abraham Brueghel. There was also an engraver Fbans
HlERONTMUS Brueghel, who flourished in the 18th century, and likewise painted sea-pieces.
BRUEGHEL, Ambros, was a flower painter, and from 1653 to 1670 director of the Academy at Antwerp. Pictures by him are at Vienna, Cologne, and Christiania.
BRUEGHEL, Ja>;, (orBRUEGEL: usually, but less correctly, written Breughel,) was called ' Blumen- Brueghel ' or ' Sammt-Brueghel,' also Fluweelen- Brueghel, i. e ' Velvet-Brueghel,' it is said on account of his partiality for dressing in that material. He was the younger son of Peeter Brueghel the elder, and was born at Brussels in 1568. His father dying when he was only five years old, he was brought up, and instructed in the art of painting in distemper, by Marie de Bes- semers (the widow of Pieter Coucke of Alost), who was his maternal grandmother. He was afterwards instructed by Pieter Goetkint in the use of oil. In the early part of his career he painted flowers and fruit, in which branch of the art he had already become celebrated, when on visiting Italy — going through Cologne, where he stayed some time — he changed his subjects, and painted landscapes with small figures, which were correctly drawn and touched with spirit. On his return to Flanders his works were regarded with much esteem. In 1597 he entered the Guild at Antwerp. In 1599 he married Isabella de Jode, of Antwerp, by whom he had two children — Jan Brueghel ' the younger,' who fol- lowed his father's profession, and always painted landscapes, which are frequently mistaken for his father's work, and a daughter Paschasie, who mar- ried the painter Van Kessel. In 1605 we find that Brueghel married ag.iin. His second wife, Cathe- rina van Marienburg, bore him, among other chil- dren, a daughter Anna, who subsequently became the first wife of David Teniers. In 1601 Brueghel bought the freedom of Antwerp ; in 1602 he was dean of the Guild ; he was also a member of the ' Violet ' Society. He died at Antwerp in 1625. Though it is as a landscape painter that Brueghel won most of his fame, yet his subject-pictures are little behind the works of his contemporaries in that branch of art. They are conceived with a sense of humour, and are carefully executed. His productions were so much admired by Ruhens that he solicited him to paint the landscapes in several of his easel-pictures. One of the most esteemed specimens of their united talents was a picture of ' Adam and Eve in Paradise,' in which the figures of Adam and Eve, and perhaps the horse, were admirably painted by Rubens in one of the finest landscapes of Brueghel. It was formerly in the collection of the Prince of Orange, but was taken to Paris by the French, and is now in the Hag^e Gallery. Brueghel performed a similar service for Van Balen and Rottenhammer, and he painted small figures with so much neatness and accuracy that he was invited to decorate with them the churches of Steenwijck and the landscapes of Momper. His ' Views of Flanders ' are faithful transcripts of the scenery of the country ; and his trees, plants, and even insects are drawn and painted with the utmost precision. In art Jan Brueghel was as superior to his father as the latter was to his son Pieter. He painted scenes from peasant life, as well as demoniacal subjects, with much success. His works display a sound know- ledge of chiaroscuro. The following are some of his principal paintings :
Augsturg. Gallery. Landscapeand figures (wiiMiJMieBS). Berlin. Gallery. The Forge of Vulcan (Jigurea hy Van Balen). „ „ Stil-liie{aredvasev!ithf(>wers). „ „ Paradise. „ „ Landscape with St. Hubert (/jarM by Ruhens). Brussels. Museum. St. Norbert preaching, „ „ Autumn. Cassel. Gallery. Winter Landscape. „ „ Sea-piece. „ „ Landscapes. Dresden. Gallery. Landscapes {fourteen, all signed Beueghel, and bearing dates from 1604—1642). „ „ Landscapes with figures (sixteen unsigned). Florence. Ujjizi. Landscape. „ „ The four Elements. Lyons. Museum. The four Elements. Madrid. Museum. The four Elements. „ „ Landscapes. „ „ Rustic Feasts. And others. Munich. PiKaA:o(Afi. Landscapes and figures (twenty- seven : nine have figures by Van Balen). Paris. Louvre. The Terrestrial Paradise. „ „ Air {figures hi/ Van Balen). 1621. „ „ Battle of Arbola. „ „ The Bridge of Talavera. 1610. „ „ Landscape. 1600. And others. Petersburg Hermitage. Landscape with a Forest. 1607. Ten other landscapes.
Rome. Doria Pal. The four Elements.
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