A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
A Review at Potsdam. 1777.
Sixteen plates for the Life of Bunkel.
The Progress of Virtue, and the Progress of Vice.
Twelve plates f 01' the Gottingen Almanac in 1773.
Wilhelm Tell.
Ziethen seated before the King.
Ziethen asleep at the Table of Frederick II
The Painter's Studio.
The Artist's own Family. 1771.
CHODOWIECKI, Gottfried, a painter and engraver, and a brother of Daniel Chodowieoki, was born at Dantzic in 1728. He painted land- scapes, battle scenes, hunting pieces, and animal subjects in miniature and in enamel. He also etched plates from the designs of his brother, as well as from his own. He died at Dantzic in 1781.
CHODOWIECKI, Wii.HELM, the son of Daniel Chodowiecki, was born in 1765. He was a pupil of his father, and followed his style with consider- able success : in fact, the father published many of his son's plates with his own name attached to them. He died at Berlin in 1805.
CHOFFARD, Pierre Philippe, a French draughtsman and engraver, was born in Paris in 1731. Whilst still very young he showed great aptitude for drawing flowers and ornaments, and was placed with an engraver of maps named Dheulland, but he afterwards received lessons from Babel, an engraver of ornaments, and is said to have had also the benefit of the advice of Nicolas Edelinck, Balechou, and Cochin. Commencing with the cartouches of maps, which date from 1753 to 1756, he next engraved invitation and address cards and book-plates, and these drew attention to his abilities and secured for him the commission to execute the tail-pieces for the celebrated edition of the ' Contes ' of La Fontaine published by the Fermiers-Gfe^raux in 1762. The fertility of in- vention and the taste displayed by the artist in these gems of art are known and admired by all. The series ends with his own portrait in profile as the tail-piece of ' Le Rossignol.' To these suc- ceeded, among a host of minor pieces, the large ornaments placed at the head of each book of the Ovid's ' Metamorphoses ' of 1767-1771, the head- pieces to Saint-Lambert's poem, ' Les Saisons,' issued in 1769, and again with some alterations in 1775, those to Imbert's poem, 'Le Jugement de Paris,' 1772, and the tail-pieces to Desormeaus's ' Histoire de la Maison de Bourbon,' published in the years 1779-1788. All these combined to establish Lis reputation as a designer of ornament without a rival. Besides these, the ornamental pieces which he executed for the ' Voyage pittoresque de Naples et de Sicile' of Saint-Non, published in 1781, and the plates of ' Les Amaiits surpris,' ' Les Amours champetres,' and ' Marchez tout doux, parlez tout bas,' after Baudouin, and a view of Narbonne, after Monnet, must be ranked among his best works.
Cliofiard wrote in 1804 a ' Notice historique sur I'art de la Gravure,' and was about to undertake a more extensive work when he was struck down by death at Paris in 1809. MM. Portalis and Beraldi give in their ' Graveurs du Dix-hiiitieme Siecle ' a detailed catalogue of his engravings, which number 855. R. £, G.
CHOLLET, Antoine Joseph, a French engraver in line and mezzotint, was born in Paris in 1793. He was the son of an architect, and studied under Bervic in Paris. He gained considerable reputation by the excellence of his plates, amongst which may be noticed :
Christ crowned with Thorns ; after Colin. The Orphan ; after Rohn. 1822. ' J'ai perdu ; * after the same. 1824. Galileo in the Inquisition ; after Laurent. 1827. The Proposal ; after Geirnae'rt. 1837. The Last Cartridge ; after Horace Vernet. 1830. Mile. L^ontine Fay, as Malvina ; after Dubufe. Portrait of Mme. de Warens ; after (?) Desenne and Deveria.
CHOQUET, Louis, a French draughtsman and miniature painter, was a pupil of Aubry. He produced illustrations for the works of Le Sage, Marmontel, Florian, Fielding, &o. He died about 1825.
CHRETIEN, GiLLEs Louis, a French musician, was born at Versailles in 1754. In 1787 he in- vented a machine called a ' physionotrace,' with which he took portraits in profile from life, which were reduced to silhouettes, usuallj' by Fouquet, and then engraved in aquatint by himself. Many of them are of great interest on account of the celebrity of the persons represented, ' L' Incorrupt- ible Robespierre,' Mirabeau, and Marat being among the hundreds which he produced. Edme Qu6nedey was at first associated with him, but Chretien afterwards worked alone. He died in Paris in 1811.
CHRIEGER, Christoph, called in Italian Cris-TOFORO GUERRA, was a native of Nuremberg, who went to Venice and died there in 1589. He exe- cuted a.magnificent engraving on wood, representing the sea-fight at Lepanto. The design is cut on two blocks of wood, in the form of an oval, about two feet long, by sixteen inclics in height. It was published at Venice in 1572, by Cesaie Vecellio, a relation of Titian, who is supposed to have made the design. Chrieger also engraved O'l wood the 420 illustrations of costumes for Veceliio's ' Habiti anticlii et modern! di Diuerse Parti del Mondo,' published at Venice in 1590.
CHRIST, Joseph, a painter of Winterstetten, executed portraits and frescoes in Augsburg and St. Petersburg in the 18th century.
CHRISTFELD, Philipp, a porcelain-painter, was bom in 1797 at Frankenthal, in the Palatinate, and placed when young in the porcelain manufactory there. He afterwards pursued academical studies at Nymphenburg, and then devoted himself to the painting of porcelain, and later still to the pro- duction of fac-similes of celebrated gallery pieces. He died at Munich in 1874.
CHRISTIE, Alexander, who was born at Edinburgh in 1807, entered the Trustees' Academy in 1833, and after studying for a short time in London, settled in his native city. In 1843, he was made assistant, and two years later director, of the orna- mental department of tlie Trustees' Academy. He was elected an Associate of the Scottish Academy in 1848, and died in 1860. He painted portraits and subject-pieces.
CHRISTISON, Mart Sympsok, an English portrait and subject painter, was born about 1850. She was the eldest daughter of Mr. Charles Tovey, a Bristol merchant, and niece of Samuel Griffiths Tovey, who gained a local reputation by his Vene- tian pictures. She received instruction at the South Kensington and Bristol Schools of Art and at the Royal Academy. In 1878 she married- Mr. Robert Christison and went to Queensland, where
she died at Lammermoor in 1879.
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