ARMENTIA
740
ARMINIANISM
tolicam Sedem" (26 November, 1853), the city
beoaine a diocese. Tlie first bishop was Johann
Alexi (1854-65); he was succeeded by Johann Vancsa
(1855-68), Pavel (1872-79), and Johann Szabo, ap-
pointed in 1879 (b. 16 August, 1836). The diocese
of Arraenierstadt contains about 683,300 inhabi-
tants; 432,900 Catholics of the Greek-Roumanian
Rite, 41,100 of the Latin Rite, and 1,600 of the Ar-
menian Rite. It has one cathedral, six canonicates,
four titular abbeys, one formal provostship, forty-
five deaneries, 490 mother-churches, 391 dependent
churches (Filialkirchen) , one monastery w-ith four
monks (Basilian Order, in Bikszdd), 475 pastors, 25
chaplains, one regular priest, eleven other ecclesi-
astics, and 64 clerics. The bishop directs a dioc-
esan academy with seven professors, one teachers'
training college, with four professors, one Armenian-
Catholic Ober-GjTnnasium, and about 600 public
schools, with 38,900 pupils. The cathedral and the
episcopal residence, architecturally speaking, are in-
significant, a far more imposing building being the
principal Armenian-Catholic church, built in 1792.
Joseph Lins.
Annentia, Fr.\y NicolXs, Bishop of La Paz (cap- ital of Bolivia, South America), appointed 22 Oc- tober, 1901; b. at Bemedo, diocese of Vittoria, Spain, 5 December, 1845. He was a Minorite and came to .\merica as a missionary under the guidance of Father Rafael Sans, and followed the footsteps of that pioneer in the forests and on the river courses of the Reni region. He had, previous to his coming to South America, spent several years in France, and brought to the mission field, besides devotion to apostolic duties, a solid fund of knowledge in physics, astronomy, and natural science. The savage and cannibal tribes lurking in the fastnesses of the Beni region were not numerous, but often hostile, and had for years been cruelly decimated by epidemic disease (smallpox). To reach them he cut his way through almost impenetrable woods from one aban- doned hamlet to another, exposed to the most ap- palling hardships from hunger, climate, and disease. He taught and preached wherever and whenever he fell in with Indians, establishing and re-establishing missions; in this way he gathered materials for the geography, natural history, and anthropology of those practically unknown regions. It cost him much labour to have these afterwards published, and his valuable books are, unfortunately, extremely rare at present. His principal publications are: " Diario del Viage al Madre de Dios, hecho por el P. Fray Nicolds Armentia, en el aiio de mil ochocientos ochenta y cuatro y mil ochocientos ochenta y cinco, en calidad de comisionado para explorar el Madre dcDios" etc.; usually bound with " Navegaci6n del Madre de Dios" (La Paz, 1887); and " Descripcion de la Provincia de los Mojos, en el Reino del Peru" (La Paz, 1888) — the latter is a Spanish translation of the book of the Jesuit Franz Xavier Eder, "De- Bcriptio Provincial Moxitarum" (Buda, 1791). " Vo- cabulario del Idioma Shipibo del Ucayali" appeared in " Boletfn de la Sociedad geogrdfica de La Paz", I, No. 1. This is thus far the most complete vocabu- lary of any of the Pano stock (see Au.^waks), and embraces more than 3,800 words. " Los Indios Mose- tenes y su lengua" was published at Buenos Aires, 1903.
Asiile from personal recollections of the writer, gathered dur- ing years of intercourse with this prelate, there is a short bio- graphical sketch, by Lafone y Quevedo, in Tacann, Arte, vorabuiirio etc. (La Plata, 1902). with portrait. The works cited in the text contain many scattered notices of the event- ful career of the eminent missionary.
Ad. F. Bandeuer. Armidale, The Diocese of, situated in New South Wales (Australia), with its cathedral at Ar- midale, 335 miles north of Sydney. It is one of tlio six BulTragan sees of the province of Sydney. Its
boundary on the north is the Queen.sland border, on
the east, the Diocese of Lismore, on the west, the
Diocese of Wilcannia, ten miles beyond Walgett.
and on the south, the Dioceses of Maitland and Bath-
urst. Area of Armidale Diocese, about 85,000 square
miles. Armidale was not proclaimed a municipality
till 1863. Ten years before that date (in 1853) the
Rev. Timothy McCarthy was appointed its first resi-
dent priest. It was then a sparsely populated agri-
cultural and pastoral district, where Catholics were
few and far apart. Father McCarthy made Armi-
dale his head-quarters, and (says Cardinal Moran)
"his missionary district embraced all the territory
as far as the Queensland border, and extended
to the Pacific Ocean. His periodical excursions
lasted for three months. From the Tweed to the
Richmond, thence to the Clarence and on to Walclia,
then across the Liverpool Plains to the Gwydir. and
back by way of Glen Innes and Tenterfield to Armi-
dale. Such was the route which he traversed in the
discharge of his ordinary duties." He was after-
wards transferred to the Carcoar district at a time
when it was "in a ferment from the violence and
lawlessness of the bushrangers. He rendered a great
service alike to the State and to those unhappy
outlaws, many of whom he succeeded in withdraw-
ing from their life of sin and crime." He died in
Ireland in 1879. Till 1864 all New South Wales
was under the spiritual charge of the Bishop of
Sydney. In that and the following years were cre-
ated the present Dioceses of (ioulburn (1864), Bath-
urst (1865), and Maitland (1867). Armidale (says
Cardinal Moran) "was also marked out for an epis-
copal see", but it was not till 1869 that its first
Bishop, the Right Rev. Timothy O'Mahony, was
appointed. Till 1887 the diocese had a vast and
unwieldy area, and at the time that the new Bishop
entered into possession it had no railroad running
through it, "and even the ordinary roads were few".
The first cathedral was a little wooden church 25
feet by 18, replaced by a brick and stone structure,
opened in 1872, and measuring 102 feet by 32.
Bishop O'Mahony's stay in Armidale was embittered
by grave accusations that were fomented by a false
clerical friend and given to the press and public by
open enemies. He resigned his see in 1878 and was
appointed auxiliary bishop to the Archbishop of
Toronto, where he died in 1892. He was succeeded
by the Right Rev. Elzear Torreggiani (1879-1904),
an Italian Capuchin who had been on the mission
in England and Wales. In Australia, as in Great
Britain and Italy, Dr. Torreggiani always wore the
habit of his order. His first visitation of his strag-
gling and difficult diocese occupied three years. The
coast district was, in 1SS7, erected into the Dio-
cese of Grafton (now known as the Diocese of Lis-
more). A portion of the Maitland diocese was at
the same time added to that of Armidale. Dr. Tor-
reggiani died. 28 January, 1904. He was succeeded
by the Right Rev. Patrick Joseph O'Connor, who
had been his coadjutor from 3 May, 1903.
Statistics (towards the close of 1905). — Parochial districts, 15; churches, 52; secular priests, 22; reg- ulars, 2; nuns, 144; secular teachers, 4; boarding schools for girls, 4; primarv sclioi.ls, 19; children in Catholic schools, 2.510; Cailuilic population, 25,540.
Lkvkv, lluli-hmson's AuKtrnl.n,,,,, E,iriicl,'v<r,lia (London. 1S92); MoR,\N, Ilistori/ of Ihf Callwlu- Church in Auelralami (Sydney, imdated); Auslratasum Catholic Directory (Sydney, 190C).
Henry W. Cleahy.
Arminianism, the popular designation of the doctrines held by a party formed in the early days of tlie seventeenth century among the Calvinista of the Nctlu-rlands. The tendency of the human re.i.son to revolt against Calvin's ilecrctum hnrribile of predestination absolute and .salvation and damnation
