ROME
174
ROME
for the clerg3' there. 5. Venar^.zio, Minor Conventuals,
is at the foot of the Capitol. Santi Vincenzo ed
Atatiasio. in the Piazza di Trevi, ministers of the
sick, was buih by Cardinal Mazarin (1650). Here are
kept the urns containing the viscera of deceased
popes.
Other notable churches are the following: S. Agata dei Goti, or in Suburra, built in 460 for the Arians (Goths and other Germans), by Ricimerus, who caused a mosaic to be made there (destroj'ed in 1633), and who was buried there. In 591 St. Gregory the Great dedicated it to Catholic worship, and it is connected with the Irish College. In it is the tomb of John Lascaris, the famous Greek humanist (1535). S. Agnesc al Circo Agonale stands on a part of the site of Domitian's stadium, where St. Agnes was ex- posed to shame (the vaults of the church), and where she was put to death. The older church is not men- tioned in any records earlier than the ninth centur}^; the present one, in baroque style, is the work of Carlo Rinaldi (1652); its turrets are by Borromini. On the high altar is a tabernacle of 1123; there is an antique statue transformed into a St. Sebastian by Paolo Campi and a monument of Innocent X. S. Alessio suir Aventino was originally dedicated to the Roman martyr Boniface. S. A7wstasia, at the foot of the Palatine, built in the fourth century and modern- ized in 1721, contains the tomb of Cardinal Angelo Mai. Here is preserved a chahce which was probably used by St. Jerome. S. Apollinare, the church of the Roman Seminarj^, formerly of the German College, was restored by Benedict XIV and contains a picture of the school of Perugino. S. Balbina, on the Aven- tine, consecrated by St. Gregory the Great, has a house of correction for boys adjoining it. It was the titular church of Cardinal Kemp, Archbishop of Can- terburj- (see Kemp, John). S. Benedetto i?i Piscinula (Trastevere) stands on the site of the mansion of the Anicii, St. Benedict's family, and contains a picture of the saint. S. Caterina dei Funari, on the ruins of the Circus Flaminius, was begun in 1549. Its facade is by Giacomo della Porta, and it contains pictures by Caracci, P'ederico Zuccari, and others. Connected with it is a refuge for penitent women founded by St. Ignatius.
S. Cecilia, a very ancient church, stands on the site of that saint's house. Paschal I, admonished by a vision, restored it and transferred the body of the saint thither from the Catacombs (821). Cardinal Rampolla had its ancient character partly restored. In the apse are some mosaics dating from Paschal. The tabernacle of the high altar is by Arnolfo di Cambio (1283); there are some ancient frescoes and some by Pietro Cavallini; in the confession is a recumbent statue of the saint by Maderno, showing her as she was found when the sarcophagus was opened in 1 599 ; also the tomb of the English cardinal, Adam of Hertford (d. 1398). It was the titular church of Cardinal \N'olsey. .S'. Cesareo, on the Appian Way, erroneously identified with S. Cesareo m Palatio (which has recently been discovered on the Palatine), is older than the days of St. Gregory the Great, and has an interesting ambo of the thirteenth century and mosaics of about the year 1600. S. Cosimato in Trastevere, built in the ninth century and completely transformed under Sixtus IV, is notable for pamtin^s by Pinturicchio and a tabernacle taken from S. Maria del PoyKjlo. In the adjoining monastery, originally Benedictine and then Clarissan (12:M), is a fine cloister with coupled columns (twelfth century). This monastery is now used as a home for old women. 8anti Domenicho e Sisto, Dominican Sisters, thirteenth century, was restored in 1040, with a fine fa<;ade. S. Eligio dei Ferrari contains a fine picture by Sermon- eta; .S'. Euxehio, frf!8COf« by Mengs. S. Euatacchio is an ancient diaconate and possesses the relics of the saint. S. Giacomo in Augusta, in the Corso, is con-
nected with the hospital for incurables (1338). S.
Giovanni dei Fiorentini is the work of Sansovino
(1521) and contains a picture by Salvator Rosa.
S. Girolamo dei Schiavoni was built by Sixtus IV
for the Dalmatians, Croatians, and Albanians who
had fled from the Turks; Sixtus V restored it; it
contains fine frescoes by Gagliardi (1852). S. Giu-
seppe a Capo le Case, with its paintings by Andrea
Sacchi (St. Teresa) and Doraenichino (St.' Joseph),
has a convent of the Carmelite Sisters which is now
used as a museum of the industrial arts. S. Giuseppe
dei Falegnami is built upon the ancient Tullian
Dungeon, where, according to tradition, St. Peter
was imprisoned.
S. Lorenzo in Lucina preserves the gridiron on which St. Lawrence suffered martyrdom. It is be- lieved that here was the house of the matron, Lucina, so often mentioned in the Acts of Roman martyrs; this house was transformed by Sixtus III into a basilica which was repeatedly restored. It has a fine campanile, a picture by Guido Reni (ThelCruci- fixion), and the tomb of Poussin. S. Lorenzo in Miranda was built over the temple of Faustina (141) in the Forum. In S. Lorenzo in Fonte, it is believed, was the saint's prison. S. Marco, enclosed within the Palazzo di Venezia, is attributed to the pope of that name (336). The Rogation procession (25 April), instituted by St. Leo the Great, used to set out from this church. It was restored in the ninth century, in the fifteenth century, and by Cardinal Quirini in 1727. In the tribune are mosaics of the time of Gregory IV; there are also pictures by Palma il Giovane and Melozzo da Forli; two ciboria, in the sacristy, one of the twelfth century, the other by Mino da Fiesole; the tombs of Pesaro, by Canova, and of Cardinal Gregorio Barbarigo. S. Maria degli Angeli was built by Michelangelo, at the command of Pius IV, within the baths of Diocletian. The church was given to the Carthusians. Here are to be seen many of the original designs for the mosaics now in St. Peter's; also Houdon's famous statue of St. Bruno, and the tombs of Pius IV and Cardinal Ser- belloni. The adjoining monastery now contains the Museo Nazionale delle Terme.
S. Maria della Pace, the titular church of Michael Cardinal Logue, Archbishop of Armagh, commem- orates the peace concluded in 1482 between the pope, Florence, Milan, and Naples. It was built for Sixtus IV by Pietro da Cortona, who added a beautiful semicircular portico in front. In the Chigi chapel are the famous Sibyls of Raphael; there are also frescoes by Peruzzi. The adjoining monastery (Canons Regular of the Lateran) contains a court- yard by Bramante and the chapel of the St. Paul's Association of the Clergy of Rome. S. Maria in Campo Marzio belongs to the Benedictine Sisters. S. Maria di Lorelo, an octagonal church with a cupola, is the work of Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane (1507), and has a statue of St. Susanna by Duquesnoy. The Churches of S. Maria de' Miracoli and *S. Maria di Monte Santo were built in 1662 by Cardinal Gastaldo, and form the termination of three streets— the Ripetta, the Corso Umberto, and the Babuino — which lead from the Piazza del Popolo. S. Maria dell' Orto (1489) is the fruit-vendors' church. S. Maria in Trivio, in the Piazza di Trevi, has a beauti- ful fagade of the fifteenth century. S. Maria in Lata, a very ancient diaconate, stood near the Arch of Diocletian, but was destroyed in 1485; its present Bul)t('rran('an form is due to Pietro da Cortona. H(T(>, according to the legend, St. Paul and St. Mark were imprisoned, and here are the remains of the S(£pta Julia and of the ancient basilica, with some frescoes. Santi Martina e Lvca, in the Forum, oc- cupies the site of the Secretarium Senatus; it existed before the seventh century and contained the body of St. Martina the Roman martyr; in 1640 the new
