Tiahweh. See Jehovah. the expedition in 1531. In 1610 they made a treaty
Yakima Indians, a Shahaptian tribe formerly with the Spaniards and CathoUc missions were at
dweUing on the banks of the Columbia, the Wenat- once st.irted among them. They were then expert
chee, and northern branches of the Yakima (Ya-ki-md, agriculturists, and manufactured cotton goods. They
runaway) Rivers, in the east, of Wasliington. They attacked the Spaniards m 1740, owing to the settlers
called themselves Waptailmim, " people-of-the-nar- mterfenngwith their nussjonaries, and smce then have
rows" or Pakintlema, "people of the gap", from the {'^"iZ^^^^ '^}"'^^'"^' ^ '" ^^"^^ nsmg being m 1901.
IrZlr' r.r f.hpir vilLaie near Union GaD on the Ya- I" 190/ the Mexican Government made an attempt to
situation of their village near Union Gap on the Ya-
kima River. They were visited in 1804 by Lewis and
weaken the power of the hostile element by deporting
(5la'rk'who'caUed'them Cutsahnim. By" the treaty several thousand Yaqui to Yucatdn and Tehuantepec.
^r ,o^= " ui. *i„vt„„n r^tliBr trihps D-nvP im the The tribc uow uumbcrs about 2.3,000.
Yakima reservation under Kamaiakan, a Yakima
chief. But war broke out and the plan was not exe-
cuted till 18.59; even then some of the Palus Indians
never came to the reservation. Since then the term
Yakima has been frequently applied to aU the Indians
who observed the treaty arrangements. In 1909
there were about 1900 Indians on the reservation,
comparatively few belonging to the original tribe.
The Yakima probably followed the main customs of
the Shahaptian tribes; they fed on salmon, roots, and
berries; carried on commerce between the west of the
Cascades and the Eastern Rocky Mountains; and Geori;e, Venerable. frequently crossed the mountains to hunt the buffalo. They lived in skin tipis and mat-covered dwellings. At present they engage in agriculture and stock- breeding, and "are self-supporting. Almost all of them are Catholics, having been converted by the Jesuit pioneer missionaries in the North-West.
MOONEY in Fourteenth Rept. of the Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, 11 (Washington, 1896); Idem in Handbook of American Indiana, II (Washington, 1910) . . ,, t.
A. A. MacErlean.
the Sonora mines; others manufacture pakn leaf hats
and mats and reed baskets. There are no secret so-
cieties and little organization in the tribe. Formerly
they were accustomed to exchange wives, but now
most of theYaqui have been converted toCathoUcism.
Bancroft, North Mexican Slates (1S83): Hodge in Handbook
of American Indians, II (Washington, 1910), s. v.: Alegre,
Hist, de Compania de la Jesus, II, III (1842); Townsend, El Yaqui
in Journal of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, XXXIX
(Cleveland, Ohio, 1905), 649-53.
A. A. MacEklean.
Yaxley, Richard, Vener.able. See Nichols,
Yamasee Indiana, a tribe of Muskhogean stock,
mentioned frequently in the history of South Caro-
Yazoo Indians, a small tribe formerly living on
the lower course of Yazoo River, Mississippi, in close
connexion with several other tribes, the most impor-
tant of which was the Tonica. Nothing is definitely
known concerning their language, but it seems to have
been akin to that of the Tonica, although not the
same. In 1(599 Father Antoine Davion, of the Quebec
Seminary of Foreign Missions, established a mission
among the Tonica, giving attention also to the other
allied tribes. The Yazoo, however, like the Chicka-
saw were under the influence of the English traders
Una, residing formerly near the Savannah River and from Carolina, and in 1702 aided the Koroa in the
in Florida. The Spanish missionaries under Fray murder of Father Nicholas Foucault and three French
Antonio .Sedeflo began to labour among them about companions while asleep; as a result Father Davion
1570, and little trouble arose until a rebellion of the was temporarily withdrawn. In 1718 the French
Yamasee was provoked by an attempt of the Spanish established near the village a fort (St. Pierre) to com-
civil authorities to send some of them to the West mand the river. In 1722 the young Jesuit Father
Indies to labour. Many of the Indians fled to Eng- Jean Rouel undertook the Yazoo mission, in the
lish territory in South CaroUna and settled there, neighbourhood of the French post. Here he re-
in 1715 the extortion and cruelty of the English
traders drove them to take up arms, and a general
massacre of white settlers took place. Eventually,
however, the Indians were defeated at Salkiehatchen
by Governor Craven and driven back into Florida,
where they alMed themselves with the Spaniards. In
1727 the English destroyed their village near St.
Augustine and iiiass;icre<l most of them. They were
finally iiu-orporalcd with the Seminole and Hitchiti,
and, "though a small Ixidy still i>re.served the name in
1812, they have now disappeared. A Yamasee gram-
mar and "catechism wire compiled by Domingo Bdez,
one of Frav .Sedcno's fellow niissidnaries.
Mooney i'n Handbook of AmtTican Indiana, II (Wasliington, 1910). , „
A. A. MacErlean.
Yaqui Indians, a tribe of Cahita stock, formerly
dwelling near the Rio Yaqui, and now dispersed
throughout Sonora in Mexico. It is the only Indian
tribe that has been in constant, contact with the
white race and has not been entirely subdued. They
are first mentioned by Guznidn in liis description of to liave been inferior
732
mained until the outbreak of the Natchez war in
1729, when the Yazoo and Koroa joined sides with the
Natchez. On 28 November the Natchez sudd<-nly at-
tacked the French garrison in their country (Natcliez,
Mi.ss.), .slaughtering several hundred persons, includ-
ing the Jesuit Father Paul Du Poisson, and carrying
off most of the women and children. On learning of
the event the Yazoo and Koroa, on 11 December,
1729, waylaid and killed Father Rouel near his cabin
together with his negro servant, who attempted to
defend him, and the next day attacked the neigh-
bouring post, killing the whole garrison. Father
Rouel's body was respected, and a captive French
woman fuially persuaded the Indi.ans to give it burial.
His bell and some books were afterwards recovered
and restored by the Quapaw. The Yazoo shared in
the destruction of the Natchez, the remnant fleeing
to the Chickasaw and apparently being absorbed
finally by the Choctaw.
In general culture they seemed to have diffenvl
lit tie from the Tonica. to whom, however, they ajipear
They buried in the ground,
