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MALMAISON 93 MALONIC ACID MALMAISON (mal-ma-zong') , a cha- teau on the left bank of the Seine, 10 miles W. of Paris. It was the favorite residence of Josephine, wife of Napoleon I., and here she died. The chateau be- longed to Richelieu, and was restored by Napoleon III. in 1861. A sortie by Ducrot from Paris in 1870 was repulsed here by the Germans. MALMAISON, BATTLE OF, was fought by French troops under General Maistre, Oct. 23-25, 1917, when the Chemin-des-Dames was cleared of the enemy and the Germans driven to the Ailette River, The front attack covered 12 kilometers and was preceded by six days of artillery preparation in which 25 million shells of "75's" alone were fired. The French troops attacked before daybreak on Oct. 23. The soldiers under General Maud'huy holding the left of the line, when they heard that they were opposed by two divisions of Prussian Guards whom they had defeated at Ver- dun, were aroused to such determination that in 45 minutes they had planted their flag on the Fort of the Malmaison. In this battle the French captured 11,000 prisoners, of whom 257 were officers, and 200 cannon. MALMESBTJRY, a market town of Wiltshire, England; on a bold eminence between the two head streams of the Avon, 26 miles N. N. E. of Bath. It owes its name to Maildulf, an Irish mis- Jionary. Aldhelm, his scholar, became about 673 first abbot of the famous abbey here, in which Athelstan was buried, and of which William of Malmesbury was librarian and precentor in the first half of the 12th century. To his time belong the building of a short-lived castle, and the rebuilding (also by Bishop Roger of Salisbury) of the abbey church, which, Transition Norman in style, and cruci- form in plan, with a central spire, was 350 feet long. Little more than the nave — now the parish church — remains; but this is a most interesting fragment, its finest feature the S. porch. At the Dis- solution (1539) the mitered Benedictine abbey became a cloth factory. A beauti- ful market cross (temp. Henry VII.) is noteworthy. Hobbes was a native of Malmesbury. Pop. (1920) about 2,700. MALMESBURY, WILLIAM OF. See William. MALMO (mal'muh), the third largest town of Sweden, on the Sound, nearly opposite to and 17 miles from Copen- hagen; besides being a busy seaport, it has manufactures of cigars, sugar, beer, and woolens, and some shipbuilding; the exports (chiefly grain, flour, butter, eggs, cement, chalk, matches, live stock, and timber) are carried away every year in about 3,500 vessels of 750,000 tons bvir- den, and the imports (coal, machinery, cotton, grain, textiles, coffee, etc.), brought by 3,600 vessels of 720,000 tons; the town hall is a fine Renaissance build- ing of 1546. The only remaining part of the old fortifications is the castle in which the Earl of Bothwell was confined; it is now used as a prison, Down to the 16th century Malmo was one of the busiest commercial towTis in that part of the Baltic. In 1523 a treaty of peace be- tween the Danes and Gustavus Vasa was signed here. Pop. (1918) 112,521. MALMSEY (mani'zi) , a name bestowed originally on the red and white wines of Napoli di Malvasia or Monemvasia, in the Morea, not because it produced them, but because it exported them; they were grown in the islands of the JEgean and the Levant. The Malmsey wines of modern commerce are mostly the produce of Teneriffe, Madeira, the Azores, Sar- dinia, Sicily, and one or two other places, MALONE, a village and county-seat of Franklin co., N. Y.; on the Salmon river and on the Central Vermont and the New York Central and Hudson River railroads; 60 miles N. E. of Ogdensburg. It contains the Northern New York In- stitution for Deaf Mutes, Franklin Acad- emy, the Wead Public Library, Alice Hyde Memorial Hospital, electric light plants. National banks, and several week- ly newspapers. It has flour, woolen, and paper mills, a tannery, machine shops, railroad shops, etc. Malone was the birthplace and home of Vice-President William A. Wheeler. Pop. (1910) 6,467; (1920) 7,556. MALONE, EDMOND, a British Shake- spearean scholar; born in Dublin, Ireland, Oct. 4, 1741. He was graduated with credit at the university there, and called to the Irish bar in 1767. Falling soon after into a fortune, he went to London to devote himself to literary pursuits, his first work being a "supplement" to Stee- vens* edition of Shakespeare (1780). Ma- lone's own edition of the great dramatist (1790) was warmly received. In 1797 he published a posthumous edition of the works of his friend Sir Joshua Reynolds. His own death occurred in London, May 25, 1812. He left behind a large mass of materials for another edition of Shake- speare, which at length appeared in 1821, in 21 volumes, under the editorship of James Boswell the younger. MALONIC ACID. CH= (COOH);. An organic compound of the oxalic acid series, first prepared by oxidizing malic Vol. VI — Ckc — Q