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MILITARY TERRITORIES 232 MILK ficers to meet and consider the formation of such an institution. Forty officers responded and organized, electing Gen- eral Hancock President and designating headquarters at Governor's Island. Every year the Publication Committee awards prizes of gold and silver medals, and money for essays on military subjects. In association with New York Public Library the Institute's collection of 10,- 000 books and pamphlets have been placed in the "Military Section" of the Public Library on Fifth Avenue for cir- culation among the members and for ref- erence by the general public. There is also a valuable collection of military relics and trophies. MILITARY TERRITORIES OF FRENCH SUDAN, constituting the eastern part of the French Sudan, di- vided into three territories. Included are the colonies of Upper Senegal, Niger, and the Military Territory of the Niger. MILITARY TRAINING CAMPS. See article United States, section United States in the World War. MILITIA, NAVAL, a body organized in a number of the United States, under authority of an Act of Congress, and forming a part of the State militia. The duty of the naval militia in time of war is to man the coast and harbor defense vessels, thus leaving free the regular force to carry on offensive operations at sea. In 1910 this militia was organized in 20 States and in the District of Co- lumbia. In February, 1914, an Act to Provide for the Efficiency of the Naval Militia was passed, and the Division of Naval Militia Affairs took over the Office of Naval Militia on April 14 of that year. A National Naval Militia Board of Offi- cers of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Great Lakes Divisions convenes at Washington when necessary. The first annual in- spection took place in the spring of 1914, when the board examined officers and enlisted men. By Act passed in August, 1916, creating National Naval Volun- teers, members of Naval Militia organ- izations were authorized to volunteer for any emergency, for any duty, without the usual restrictions imposed on Naval Militia as such. It followed that when the United States entered the World War practically all of the Naval Militia volunteered for any naval service. MILITIA, STATE. The following table shows the authorized strength of the regularly organized militia, or National Guard, in the several States and Terri- tories, 1920: Enlisted Strength Authorized for Fiscal Year 1920 Maine 1,563 Oklahoma 3,813 Minnesota 5,196 Oregon 2,152 Rhode Island 1,086 Utah 713 Tennessee 2,294 Colorado 2,069 Vermont 874 Kansas 4,043 Washington 2,695 Porto Rico . 1,641 Alabama 2,432 Missouri 4,429 Virginia 2,365 Florida 1,563 New York 20,857 Wyoming 560 New Jersey 4.084 Iowa 4,580 South Carolina 1,859 Wisconsin 10,419 Hawaii 3,020 District of Columbia 801 Idaho 389 Ohio 13,184 California 3,584 Arizona 658 Connecticut 1,360 Georgia 2,877 Mississippi 1,879 North Carolina 2,721 Maryland 3,044 Michigan 3,326 Pennsylvania 13,273 Texas 15,896 Other States 31,621 Total 178,920 The actual strength was about 50,000. See Military Organization, United States. MILK, the fluid secreted by all female mammals for the nourishment of their young. As an alimentary substance, it may be regarded as a perfect food. It consists essentially of a solution of sugar, albuminous and saline matter, and holds in suspension a certain pro- portion of fat in the form of very mi- nute globules. Mare's milk contains a larger proportion of sugar, while^ that of the ewe is very much richer in al- buminous and fatty constituents, ^ the milk of the cow having its composition more evenly adjusted. Milk ^ sponta- neously ferments, the sugar being con- verted into lactic acid, alcohol, and car- bonic acid gas. When an artificial fer- ment has been used, a larger proportion of alcohol is generated, and the milk is converted into a product to which the name of koumiss has been given. The