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MACKAY 63 McKENNA The machine gun has no tactics of its own: it is used mainly as a support to infantry, and it is said that the fire of three properly handled machine guns is equal to that of a company armed with rifles. The most effective range for machine-gun fire is between five hundred to one thousand yards, though they can be used for greater distances. Machine guns are used to lay a barrage in front of an advancing infantry, co-operating with or taking the place of heavier artil- lery. All airplanes used for military purposes are equipped with machine guns, and when mounted upon a special tripod and provided with tracer bullets they are used as anti-aircraft guns. Tanks and armored cars carry machine guns, and usually the first boat of a naval landing party in hostile territory is equipped with them. MACKAY, CliARENCE HUNGER- FORD, American financier; bom in 1874, son of John Mackay. He succeeded his father as president of the Commercial Cable Co. Later he was also president of the Commercial Cable Co. of Cuba, the Commercial Pacific Cable Co., the Pacific Postal Telegraph Cable Co., and the Mackay Companies. He has shown interest in dramatic art and was one of the chief supporters of the New Theater of New York. MACKAY, JOHN WILLIAM, an American capitalist; bom in Dublin, Ire- land, Nov. 28, 1831. He came to New York City when a boy. After a miner's life in California, in 1852, he went to Nevada. In 1872 he was one of the dis- coverers of the Bonanza mines, of which he owned two-fifths. Their production has been enormous. In 1884, in partner- ship with James Gordon Bennett, he laid two cables across the Atlantic. He died in 1902. MACKAYE, PERCY, dramatist and poet; born in 1875 in New York, gi'aduated from Harvard in 1897, and became a student at Leipsic, after travel- ling in Europe, he taught privately in New York and from 1904 has been en- gaged in dramatic work. His works include "The Canterbury Pilgrims," a comedy (1903) ; "A Modern Rendering into Prose of Chaucer's Tales" (1904) ; "Fenris the Wolf," a tragedy (1905); "Jeanne d'Arc," a tragedy (1906) ; "Sap- pho and Phaon" (1907); "The Scare- crow: a tragedy of the Ludicrous" (1908) ; "The Playhouse and the Play" (1909); "The Civic Theater" (1912); "The Present Hour" (1914) ; "Caliban" (1916); "Christmas Masque" (1917); "George Washington" (1920). McKEESPORT, a city in Allegheny CO., Pa., at the confluence of the Monon- gahela and Youghiogheny rivers, and on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie, the Balti- more and Ohio and the Pennsylvania railroads; 15 miles S. of Pittsburgh. It' is in the center of the great bituminous coal and natural gas region of the State; contains a business college, public library, hospital, electric light and street railroad plants, daily and weekly papers, National banks, and about 30 churches; and has tubing and wrought iron pipe works and is the seat of a great iron and steel industry. Several of the largest steel plants in the world are located here. The city has the commis- sion form of government adopted in 1913. Pop. (1910) 42,694; (1920) 46,781. McKEES ROCKS, a borough in Penn- sylvania, in Allegheny Co. It is on the Ohio River and on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie, and the Pittsburgh, Chartiers, and Youghiogheny Railroad. It is an important industrial center, especially in iron and steel. There are also rail- way shops, manufactures of iron, con- crete, railroad cars, etc. The Ohio Valley General Hospital is in the city. Pop. (1910) 14,702; (1920) 16,713. McKELLAR, KENNETH DOUGLAS, United States Senator from Tennessee for the term 1917-1923; bom in Rich- mond, Ala., elected to House of Repre- sentatives in 1911 to fill the unexpired term of (General Gordon. Re-elected Con- gressman from the Tenth Tennessee dis- trict, serving from 1913 to 1917 when he was elected to the Senate. McKENDREE COLLEGE, a coedu- cational institution in Lebanon, 111.; founded in 1828 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; report- ed at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 15; students, 232. Presi- dent, Dr. G. E. McCammon. McKENNA, JOSEPH, Associate Jus- tice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Philadelphia Aug. 10, 1843, and admitted to the bar in 1865. Elected to the House of Representatives from the second California district in 1885 from which he resigned in 1892 to become a United States Circuit Judge. President McKinley appointed him At- torney-General in his cabinet in 1897, and later to the Supreme Court on Jan. 26, 1898. McKENNA, REGINALD, an English politician; born in England in 1863. Educated at King's College. London, and Trinity College, Cambridge (Scholar and Honors in mathematics. Honorary Fel-