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MACKENSEN low in 1916. Contested Clapham in 1892. Became a barrister in 1887 and practiced law until he entered Parlia- ment in 1895. Was appointed Finan- cial Secretary to the Treasury in 1905. President of the Board of Education in 1907-1908. 1st Lord of the Admiralty in 1908-1911, Home Secretary 1911-1915. Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1916. Chairman of the London Joint City and Midland Bank 1919. MACKENSEN, AUGUST VON, Ger- man military leader; born in Leipnitz, Saxony, in 1849; educated at Halle, then entered the military service and rose to FIELD-MARSHAL AUGUST VON MACKENSEN high rank and acquired prominence as a tactician. At the outbreak of the war, in 1914, he had been retired. Later he was given command of the entire eastern front, including part of the Austrian forces. He was also in com- mand of the German and Austrian armies that invaded Serbia in 1916. At the conclusion of the war he was in command of the German troops in Ru- mania, and was taken prisoner by the French in Hungary while attempting to return to Germany. MACKENZIE, AXEXANDER, a Cana- dian statesman; born in Logierait, Perth- shire, Scotland, Jan. 28, 1822; removed to Canada in 1842; in 1852 became 64 MACKENZIE editor of a Reform newspaper; repre- sented Lambton in Parliament 1861-1867, and in the Dominion Parliament till 1882; was then elected for East York, and was re-elected in 1887. In 1873 he succeeded Macdonald as premier, and re- mained at the head of the government till 1878. He published the "Life and Speeches of Hon. George Brown" (1882). He died in Toronto, Canada, April 17, 1892. MACKENZIE, SIB ALEXANDER, a Canadian explorer; born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1755. In the employment of the Northwest Fur Company, he explored the great river named after him from the W. end of Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean (1789). He made another expedition to the W. coast (1792), and was the first white man to cross the Rocky Mountains and reach the Pacific coast. He returned to Great Britain in 1801, and was knighted. He died in Mul- nain, near Dunkeld, Scotland, March 11, 1820. MACKENZIE, SIR MORELL, a Scotch physician; born in Leytonstone, July 7, 1837; was educated at London Medical College, Paris and Vienna; obtained the Jackson prize for diseases of the larynx. In 1887-1888 he was associated with the specialists of Berlin and Vienna in the treatment of the larynx disease of the Emperor Frederick (at first, while he ■was Crown Prince) of Germany. He was the author of a treatise on "Diseases of the Throat and Nose," etc. He died in London, Feb. 3, 1892. MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON, a Canadian journalist; born in Dundee, Scotland, March 12, 1795; emigrated to Canada in 1820; and in 1824 established the "Colonial Advocate," first at Queens- town, then at Toronto. There his denun- ciations of the officials resulted in the partial destruction of his printing office in 1826. In 1828 he was elected to the provincial Parliament for York, but was expelled for libel on the Assembly, and was successively expelled and re-electetf till finally the government refused to issue the writ. In 1834 he was elected the first mayor of Toronto, and in 1836 he stai-ted the "Constitution." In 1837 he published a virtual declaration of inde- pendence in his papei*, headed a band of armed insurgents, and demanded of the lieutenant-governor a settlement of all provincial difficulties by a convention. This demand not having been gi-anted, Mackenzie determined to arrest the lieu- tenant-governor and capture the military stores in Toronto; but being met by a superior force at Montgomery's Hill, 4 miles from the city, the insurgents were