Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/26

TROLIiOPE 10 TBRONDHJElVr Frances M. Trollope. He was edu- cated at Harrow and Winchester; in 1834 became a clerk in the postoffice, and in 1841 was appointed clerk to a postoffice surveyor in Ireland. His Irish experiences gave him material for his first novels, "The Macdermots of Bally- cloran" (1847), and the "Kellys and the O'Kellys" (1848), neither of which was successful. His first success was "The Warden" (1855); followed by "Bar- chester Towers" (1857); "Dr. Thome" (1858) ; "The Bertrams" (1859) ; "Fram- ley Parsonage" (1861) ; "The Struggles of Brown, Jones, and Robinson" (1862) ; "Orley Farm" (1862) ; "The Last Chron- icles of Barset" (1867) ; "Ralph the Heir" (1871) ; "The Way We Live Now" (1875) ; "The Prime Minister" (1876) ; 'JlVIarion Fay" (1882); "The Land- l>eaguers" (1883) ; etc. He also pub- lished accounts of his travels, including "The West Indies and the Spanish Main" (1859); "Australia and New Zealand" (1873); "South Africa" (1878); besides a "Life of Cicero" (1881). He died in London, Dec. 6, 1882. TROLLOPE, FRANCES M., an Eng- lish author; mother of Anthony; born near Bristol, England, in 1780. In 1829 she visited the United States, and after- ward published a volume entitled "Do- mestic Manners of the Americans" (1831). She followed this with the novel "The Refugee in America" (1832). Among her other works are: "The Abbess" (1833) ; "Tremordyn Cliff" (1835) ; "The Barnabys in America" (1843) ; "Life and Adventures of a Clever Woman" (1854) ; and "Fashionable Life; or, Paris and London" (1856). She died in Flo- rence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. TROLLOPE, THOMAS ADOLPHUS, elder brother of Anthony; born April 29, 1810. He was a constant contributor to English periodicals, and was Italian cor- respondent of the New York "Tribune." Among his many books are: "A Summer in Brittany" (1840); "A Summer in Western France" (1841); "La Beata" (1861) ; "Marietta" (1862) ; "Beppo the Conscript" (1864) ; "Lindisfarn Chase" (1864) ; "History of the Commonwealth of Florence" (4 vols. 1865) ; "Dream Numbers" (1868); "A Siren" (1870); "Life of Pius IX." (1877); "Sketches from French History" (1878) ; "What I Remember" (1887-1889). He died in Clifton, England, Nov. 11, 1892. TROMBONE, a large, deep, and loud- toned instrument of the trumpet kind, the name being an augmentative of tromba, a trumpet. It consists of two tubes, so constructed that one may slide in and out of the other, and thus form one tube that can be lengthened at will and made of varying pitch. There are three kinds of trombones, called after their compass the alto, tenor, and bass trombones. Soprano trombones have also been made, but they are rarely used. The alto trombone has a compass of more than two octaves and a half, and is also known as the trombone in E flat. It is written on the C clef, third line. The tenor trombone is also known as the trombone in B flat. It is written on the c clef, fourth line. The bass trombone is the lowest of all in its range of notes, and is known as the E flat. It is writ- ten on the F clef; is an octave lower than the alto, and a fifth lower than the tenor. Some of these instruments are fitted with pistons, whence they are called valve trombones. Also a powerful reed stop in the organ, of 8 feet or 16 feet scale on the manuals and 16 feet or 32 feet on the pedals. In ordnance, a form of blunderbuss for boat service. TROMP, MARTEN HARPERTZOON, VAN, a Dutch naval officer; born in Briel, Holland, in 1597. He began to serve under his father in the navy at 10 years of age, gradually rose to distinc- tion, and in 1637 attained the rank of lieutenant-admiral; in which capacity he served against the Spaniards, and cap- tured many of their ships. In October, 1639, he won a great victory over the Spanish fleet and captured 13 galleons. He was engaged in the naval campaigns of 1640 and 1641; but his courage and abilities were most strikingly displayed in the war with England in 1652-1653. He had Robert Blake for his adversary, and was defeated off Dover in March, 1652. In November following, he, in his turn, defeated Blake, and sailed up the English Channel with a broom at his masthead. Another engagement took place in the channel, in February, 1653, when the Dutch lost many of their ships, but Tromp succeeded in saving the 300 merchant ships he was convoying. After commanding in several other battles against the English, this great seaman fell in the engagement with Monk, off the coast of Holland, Aug. 8, 1653. His son, CORNELLus Van Tromp, born in Rot- terdam, Holland, Sept. 9, 1629, rose also to eminence as a naval commander and, on De Ruyter's death, was appointed lieutenant-admiral-general of the United Provinces. He died in Amsterdam, May 29, 1691. TRONDHJEM, also Throndhjem, a port of Norway, on the S. side of the long and narrow Trondhjem fjord; at the mouth of the little Nid river; 250 miles N. of Christiania. It is built on undulating slopes, and has regular and