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THE CONDOR Vol. XX phine counties) south through the interior of northern and central California, in the Sac- ramento and San Joaquin valleys, and on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. Speci?nens examined from the following localities.--Oregon. Douglas County: Rose- burg, 5. Josephine County: Kerby 2; Grants Pass, 5. California. Shasta County: Tower House, 2. Trinity County: Helena, 1. Tehama County: Mill Creek, 5 miles northeast Te- hama, 10. Glenn County: Winslow, 5. Butte County: Chico, 2; Oroville, 1. Sutter Coun- ty: Sutter, 1; West Butte, 1. Yolo County: Rumsey, 18. Solano County: Vacaville, 3. Eldorado County: Limekiln, 1. Amador County:. Carbondale, 5. San Joaquin County: Tracy Lake, 1. Stanislaus County: LaGrange, 1; Modesto, 4. Merced County: Snelling, 2; 22 miles south of Los Barios, 1. Mariposa County: Pleasant Valley, 2; Coulterville, 1; E1 Portal, 17. Madera County: Raymond, 2. Fresno County: Hume, 1; Dunlap, 8; Mink- ler, 7. Kern County: Weldon, 4; Onyx, 2; Bodfish, 4; Walker Pass, 1. Total, 120. Distinguishing characters.--Large size and grayish coloration. The color differ- ences suffice to distinguish carolae from crissalis even in excessively worn plumage. Be- tween carolae and senicula, while faded specimens sometimes become quite similar in col- or, there are distinguishable differences in measurements. P. c. caro?ae is of large size with relatively long and slender bill. (See fig. 20.) F. ig. 20. BILLS OF TWO SUBSPECIES OF THE BROWN TOWHEE (Pipilo crissaliz) ; NAT URAL SIZE. a. Pipilo crissalis carolae, ? AO.; NO. 17360, MUS. VERT. ZOOL.; TOWER HOUSE, SHASTA CO., CAI-.IF.; MARCH 1, 1911. b. P?pilo crissatis senicuta, ? AD.; no. 3111, Mus. VERT. ZOOL.; V?LLE- VISTA, RIVERSIDE CO., CALIF.; AUG- UST 31, 1908. Remarks.--The color differences characterizing Pipilo crissalis Carolae were noted in specimens from the habi- tat of that subspecies by at least one au- thor some years prior to the naming of the race. Anthony (Auk, x?, 1895, p. 110) in a discussion of the brown tow- hees, remarks on the less rufescent col- oration of birds from Butte and Cala- veras counties, as compared with typi- cal crissalis, and on the pallor of a spe- cimen from the south fork of the Kern River. The coloration of the latter bird, however, should not be considered as indicative of intergradation toward Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus, the possibility of which was suggested, for individuals from that region, grayish colored even in fresh plumage, are especially subject to fading, from the fierce sunlight to which they are exposed, as shown by additional specimens from the same sec- tion. There are no skins at ha?d showing intergradation between carolae and seni- cula. Specimens from the southern extremity of the Sierra Nevada, birds geo- graphically nearest to the southern California race, show as wide divergence from the latter as do those from Oregon. The floor of the San Joaquin Valley is not suited to the needs of the Brown Towhee, and the species is absent from most of this region; but one specimen at hand taken at a point twenty-two miles south of Los Barios, Merced County, at the east base of the Mount Diablo range, though showing a decided approach toward crissalis is still referable to carolae. Piprio crissaliz senicula Anthony. Anthony Brown Towhee Type locality.--San Fernando, Lower California. Range.--Coastal slope of southern California and northern Lower California. South in Lower California "at least to parallel of 29 " (Rtdgway, Birds N. and Mid. Am., ?, 1901, p. 437). More explicitly, in southern California in the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones, west from the eastern bases of the mountains forming the desert divides, in San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura counties; north to