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  • cal subjects are treated in the style of Delacroix.

Medals: 1865, 1867, 1869; 1st class, 1878; L. of Honour, 1872. Works: Hecuba (1865); Joash saved from the Slaughter of the King's Sons (1867), bought by the State; Hebrew Captive weeping over the Ruins of Jerusalem (1869); Herodias (1872); Christ at the Tomb (1873); Sarpedon (1874), Luxembourg Museum; Christ on the Mount (1879).—Revue des Deux Mondes, 1873; Müller, 336.


LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK, born in London, July 14, 1805, died at Walton, Aug. 15, 1876. Figure painter, son and pupil of F. C. Lewis, engraver and landscape painter; began as an animal painter, and in 1825 published a collection of etchings. Became an associate of Society of Painters in Water Colours in 1828; travelled in Germany, Spain, Italy, Turkey, and the East, living in Egypt ten years; returned to England in 1851, and in 1855 was elected president of Water Colour Society. Began to paint in oils in 1856, and frequently exhibited Eastern scenes; elected an A.R.A. in 1859, and R.A. in 1866. Works in oil: Love Missive (1855); Frank Encampment in the Desert of Mt. Sinai, Greeting in the Desert, Street Scene in Cairo (1856); Syrian Sheik (1857); Waiting for the Ferry-Boat—Upper Egypt (1859); Door of a Café in Cairo (1866); Armenian Lady (1868); Prayer of Faith (1872); Midday Meal—Cairo, On the Banks of the Nile (1876). Works in water colour: Christine Spy before Zumalacarregui (1834); Easter Day at Rome (1840); A Harem (1850); Arab Scribe (1852); Halt in the Desert, Camels and Bedouins, Roman Pilgrims (1854); Well in the Desert (1855). Frederick C. Lewis (1813-1875), his brother, spent many years in the East, especially in India, where he painted numerous pictures.—Sandby, ii. 339; Wilmot-Buxton, 180; Art Journal (1858), 41; (1876), 329.


LEYBOLD, KARL, born at Stuttgart in 1786, died there in 1844. History and portrait painter, son of the engraver Johann Friedrich Leybold; pupil of Vienna Academy under Wächter, lived in Rome in 1807-15, and removed in 1821 from Vienna to Stuttgart, where he became professor at the Art-school in 1829, and inspector of the Gallery in 1842. Honorary member of Vienna Academy in 1836. Works: Beneficence of Cimon; Education of Bacchus, Nymphs resting by a Spring, Portraits of Dannecker (2), Stuttgart Museum; Portraits of King William and Queen Pauline of Würtemberg, Queen Sophie of the Netherlands, Heinrich von Cotta.—Cotta's Kunstbl. (1845), 169.



LEYDEN, LUCAS VAN, born in Leyden in 1494, died there in 1533; Dutch school. Real name Lucas Jacobaz; pupil of his father, Huig Jacobaz, and of Cornelis Engelbrechtszen. Historical and genre painter, and one of the great masters of the Dutch school. Friend of Albert Dürer, who mentions him in his Diary. Patronized by Charles V. and by the Archbishop Margaret, he had a vessel splendidly fitted up, in which he sailed about the Dutch coasts and rivers. Master of Antwerp guild in 1522. His pictures are rare, but his admirable engravings are numerous and highly valued. Works characterized by realistic treatment of sacred subjects, and thoroughly original as to invention and execution. He never idealized; even in his altar-pieces the heads are portraits of living persons; as a rule, their type is ugly but expressive, and he often shows considerable dramatic power; besides, we meet in his works with a great variety of dramatis personæ, such as saints, gods of

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