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INTRODUCTION

regarded as an interpolation.[1] Vallabhadeva included this same stanza and one other in his anthology,[2] and two further specimens of the royal author’s verses are found in the Śārṅgadharapaddhati (c. 1363 A. D.).[3]

Contemporaries of Dhanaṃjaya. Concerning Dhanaṃjaya[4] himself nothing is known save his authorship of the Daśarūpa and his relations with King Muñja, aside from the fact that a stanza attributed to him is included in Śrīdharadāsa’s anthology, the Saduktikarṇāmṛta.[5] Some idea of the literary atmosphere in which he lived, however, can be obtained from a consideration of the other writers that flourished in Mālava at this time. Foremost to command our attention is Dhanika, son of Viṣṇu, who not only wrote poetry in Sanskrit and in Prākrit, but also prepared the current commentary on the Daśarūpa. He and his commentary will be specially referred to below, in the second part of this Introduction. Next may be mentioned the lexicographer and poet Dhanapāla, son of Sarvadeva, who lived at Dhārā,[6] the Mālava capital, under Vākpati and his predecessor Sīyaka.[7] He was the author of the Pāïyalacchī, a Prākrit vocabu-

  1. Vairāgyaśataka 40 (= Spr. 844). In Śārṅg., where this stanza also occurs (4102), it is attributed to Bhartṛhari.
  2. Subhāṣitāvali 3413, 3414. The author is given as ‘Śrī-Harṣadevātmaja-Vākpati.’
  3. Śārṅg. 126 (by ‘Vākpatirāja’), 1017 (by ‘Utpalarāja’).—According to Aufrecht, Catalogus Catalogorum, 1. 64 b, Utpalarāja is mentioned or quoted also in the Saduktikarṇāmṛta of Śrīdharadāsa. (But I find no mention of this at ZDMG. 36. 557, in Aufrecht’s article on Skm.)
  4. On a different (and probably later) Dhanaṃjaya, who was the son of Vasudeva and who wrote a kāvya called Dvisaṃdhāna, or Rāghavapāṇḍavīya, as well as a brief lexicographical work entitled Nāmamālā, see Zachariae, ‘Die indischen Wörterbücher (Kośa),’ in Grundriss der indo-arischen Philogie, 1. 3 b, pp. 27–28 (Strassburg, 1897).
  5. Skm. 3. 211; cf. Aufrecht, ZDMG. 36 (1882), pp. 533–534.
  6. See Pāïyalacchī 277.
  7. Merutuṅga mentions both Dhanapāla and his brother Śobhanamuni; see Prabandhacintāmaṇi, tr. Tawney, Calcutta, 1901, pp. 52–62. He erroneously places them both at the court of Bhoja, either by inadvertence or to add greater luster to that monarch’s entourage; cf. Bühler, BB. 4 (1878), pp. 73–75. Dhanapāla is mentioned also by Śāntisūri in his Pra-