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INTRODUCTION
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lary, completed in 972–973 A. D.,[1] and, after his conversion to Jainism, of the Ṛṣabhapañcāśikā, fifty verses in Prākrit in honor of Ṛṣabha, the first prophet of the Jains. A work named Tilakamañjarī is also ascribed to him.[2] Dhanapāla’s younger brother, Śobhanamuni, who was an ardent Jain, and is said to have converted his brother to his religious belief after prolonged efforts, was also one of the literary men of this time, having composed the Śobhanastutayas, also called Caturviṃśatikā, a work on which Dhanapāla later prepared a commentary.[3] Another contemporary writer, Bhaṭṭa Halāyudha, who probably spent the latter part of his life in Mālava, is known to have been the author of three technical works.[4] Presumably the oldest of these is a lexicographical compendium, the Abhidhānaratnamālā;[5] the Kavirahasya was written about the year 950 at Mānyakheṭa at the court of King Kṛṣṇarāja III.;[6] and the Mṛtasaṃjīvanī, a commentary on the Piṅgalachandaḥsūtra, was prepared considerably later at Dhārā at the court of King Muñja, whose liberality is appreciatively referred to in some of the stanzas.[7] The poet Padmagupta (also called Parimala),

    bhāvakacarita. On both Dhanapāla and Śobhanamuni see Bühler, Sb. Akad. Wien, 99 (1882), pp. 568–572.

  1. The text of the Pāïyalacchī has been published by Bühler, BE. 4 (1878), pp. 70–166. On the date of completion of this work see ibid., p. 71.
  2. The text of the Tilakamañjarī, ed. by Bhavadatta Śāstrī and Parab, was published at Bombay in 1903 (Kāvyamālā series, no. 85).
  3. The text of Śobhana’s work has been edited by Jacobi, ZDAIG. 32 (1878), pp. 509–534. On the com. see Bühler, Sb. Akad. Wien, 99 (1882), pp. 570–572.
  4. On Halāyudha see Heller, Halāyudha’s Kavirahasya, Gottingen, 1894, pp. 20–32 (dissertation).
  5. Cf. Zachariae, ‘Die indischen Wörterbücher (Kośa),’ in Grundriss dcr indo-arischen Philologie, 1. 3 B, p. 26 (Strassburg, 1897). The text has been edited by Aufrecht, London, 1861.
  6. Published by Heller, Halāyudha’s Kavirahasya, in beiden Recensionen herausgegeben, Greifswald, 1900.
  7. This commentary has been printed with Piṅgala’s Sūtras in the editions of Viśvanātha Śāstrī, Calcutta, 1874 (Bibl. Ind.), and of Kedaranātha and Panashikar, Bombay, 1908 (Kāvyamālā series, no. 91). One