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APPENDIX

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(4) the Island of Carpathos; (5) at the beginning of the fifth century, Aquileia, for the classis Venetum. Besides these there were (6) the classis Pontica, stationed in the Euxine or in the Propontis, and (7) the classis Britannica, both mentioned in the author's text. There were also fleets on the three great rivers of the Empire; (8) the classis Germanica on the Rhine; (9) the classis Pannonica and Mocsica on the Danube; and (10) a fleet on the Euphrates (mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus, xxiii. 3, 9).

6. THE PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN 180 A.D.—(P. 18)

For a general view of the provinces, the reader must be referred to Mommsen's brilliant volume Die Provinzen von Cäsar bis Diocletian (translated into English in two vols.). For the general administration, including the military system, see Marquardt, Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer (Staatsverwaltung, vols, iv.-vi.).

1. Sicilia, the first Roman province, 241 B.C. It became a senatorial province in 27 B.C.
2. Sardinia and Corsica, 231 B.C. Senatorial in 27 B.C., but became imperial in 6 A.D. Again senatorial under Nero; once more imperial under Vespasian, and governed by a procurator et praeses. (Given to senate again by M. Aurelius but resumed by Commodus.)
3. Hispania citerior, or Tarraconensis, 197 B.C.; imperial. (Divided into 3 dioceses, each under a leg. Augusti.)
4. Baetica, senatorial. 5. Lusitania, imperial.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	(These formed one province under the Republic, Hispania ulterior (197 B.C.), which was divided soon after the foundation of the Empire (27 B.C.).
6. Gallia Narbonensis, after 121 B.C. (At first, imperial, after) 22 B.C. senatorial.
7. Aquitania, 27 B.C. 8. Lugdunensis, 27 B.C. 9. Belgica, 27 B.C.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Called collectively tres Galliae, at first under one imperial governor; after 17 A.D. each had its own imperial governor.
10. Germania superior, ⁠17 A.D. (?). 11. Germania inferior, ⁠17 A.D. (?).	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The civil administration of these frontier districts was united with that of Belgica. The military commanders were consular legati.
12. Alpes Maritimæ, 14 B.C. made an imperial province, governed by a (prefect, afterwards a) procurator.
13. Alpes Cottiæ, under Nero, imperial (under a procurator et praeses).
14. Alpes Poeninæ (or A. Poeninæ et Graiæ); in second century became an imperial province (under a procurator).
15. Britannia, 43 A.D., imperial.
16. Rætia, 15 B.C., imperial (under a procurator); but after Marcus Aurelius governed by the legatus pro prætore of the legion Concordia.
17. Noricum, 15 B.C., imperial, under a procurator. After Marcus, under the general of the legion Pia. (Dion Cassius, lv. 24, 4. )
18. Pannonia superior. 19. Pannonia inferior. 20. Dalmatia, or Illyricum.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	After its conquest Pannonia was added to the province of Illyria (44 B.C.), imperial; which was broken up into Pannonia and Dalmatia 10-14 A.D.; Dalmatia under a consular legatus. Pannonia was broken up by Trajan (102-107 A.D.) into the two Pannoniæ, each under a consular legatus (at least under Marcus).
21. Moesia superior. 22. Moesia inferior.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Moesia, 6 A.D., an imperial province, was broken up into the two Moesias by Domitian under consular legati.
23. Dacia Porolissensis. 24. Dacia Apulensis. 25. Dacia Maluensis.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Dacia, 107 A.D., was at first one province (imperial). Hadrian broke it up into two (superior and inferior). Marcus made a new triple division (not later than 168 A.D.), and placed the provinces under consular legati.