| 26. Thracia, 46 A.D., imperial (at first under a procurator, but from Trajan forward) under a legatus. | ||
| 27. Macedonia, 146 B.C.; senatorial in 27 B.C.; from Tiberius to Claudius,
imperial and united with Achaia; after Claudius, senatorial. | ||
| 28. Achaia. 29. Epirus. |
Included in Macedonia, 146 B.C.; together formed a senatorial province, 27 B.C.; after having been united with Macedonia (15 and 44 A.D.), restored to the senate, and declared free by Nero, it was made senatorial by Vespasian. This Emperor probably separated Epirus (including Acarnamia), imperial, under a procurator. | |
| 30. Asia, 133 B.C.; senatorial 27 B.C. (under a consular). | ||
| 31. Bithynia and Pontus, 74 and 65 B.C.; senatorial 27 B.C., became under Hadrian imperial. | ||
| 32. Galatia (including Pontus Polemoniacus) 25 B.C. imperial; united twice and twice severed from Cappadocia; finally separated by Trajan and placed under a praetorian legatus. | ||
| 33. Cappadocia (including Lesser Armenia) 17 A.D. imperial; (procuratorial till Vespasian, 70 A.D., gave it a consular legatus). | ||
| 34. Lycia and Pamphylia, 43 A.D.; after various changes definitely constituted as imperial by Vespasian, 74 A.D., but transferred to the senate by Hadrian. | ||
| 35. Cilicia, 102 B.C. At one time apparently united with Syria, but independent since Vespasian. From Hadrian (including Trachea) imperial under legatus; Severus transferred Isauria and Lycaonia from Galatia to Cilicia. | ||
| 36. Cyprus, 58 B.C.; at first united with Cilicia; 22 B.C., became an independent senatorial province. | ||
| 37. Syria, 64 B.C.; imperial under consular legatus, 27 B.C. | ||
| 38. Syria Palaestina ( = Judæa), separated from Syria 70 A.D., imperial under legatus. | ||
| 39. Arabia, 106 A.D., imperial. | ||
| 40. Aegyptus, 30 B.C., imperial domain under praefectus Aegypti. | ||
| 41. Creta and Cyrene, at first one province (67 B.C. and 74 B.C. respectively); united 27 B.C. as a senatorial province (under a praetor). | ||
| 42. Africa, 146 B.C., senatorial under a consular proconsul; seems to have included Numidia from 25 B.C. | ||
| 43. Mauretania Caesariensis. 44. Mauretania Tingitana. |
40 A.D., imperial (under procurators). | |
It is important to note some changes that were made between the death of Marcus and the accession of Diocletian. (1) The diocese of Asturiaet Gallaecia was cut off as a separate imperial province from Tarraconensis (216 or 217 A.D.); (2) Britannia was divided by Septimius Severus (197 A.D.) into Brit. superior and Brit. inferior (each probably under a praeses); (3) Septimius made Numidia a separate province (under a legatus till Aurelian, afterwards under a praeses); (4) Syria was divided by the same Emperor (198 A.D.) into Syria Coele (Magna) and Syr. Phœnice; (5) Arabia was divided in the third century into Ar. Bostræa and Arabia Petræa, corresponding to the two chief towns of the province; (6) Mesopotamia (made a province by Trajan, and resigned by Hadrian) was restored by Lucius Verus; (7) For Dacia see p. 294.
7. CHANGES IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE SINCE GIBBON WROTE—(Pp. 22, 23)
Gibbon's account of the political geography of the Illyrian lands brings home to us the changes which have taken place within the last century. When he wrote, Servia and Bulgaria were "united in Turkish slavery"; Greece herself was under the same bondage as well as Moldavia, Walachia and Bosnia; the Dalmatian coast was a province of the Venetian State. Since then (1) the Turkish realm in Europe has been happily reduced, and (2) Austria has advanced
