Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/633

CARPINATITJS. &c. ; Hitter, Gesch. Phil. xi. 6 ; Bnicker, //«/. Phii. i. p. 759, &c., vi. p. 237, &c.) 2. An Athenian philosopher and a disciple of Anaxagoras. (Suidas, s. v. KapvfdS-qs.) 3. A Cynic philosopher in the time of ApoUonius Tyanaeus. (Eunapius, Prooem.) 4. A bad elegiac poet mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (iv. 66). [A. G.J CARNEIUS (Kapvftos), a surname of Apollo under which he was worshipped in various parts of Greece, especially in Peloponnesus, as at Sparta and Sicvon. and also in Thera, Cyrene, and Magna Graecia.' (Paus. iii. 13. § 2, Sec, ii. 10. §2, 11. § 2; Pind. Pyth. v. 106 ; Plut. Sympos. viii. 1 ; Paus. iii. 24. § 5, i v. 31. § 1, 33. § 5.) The origin of the name is explained in different ways. Some derived it from Carnus, an Acarnanian sooth- sayer, whose murder by Hippotes provoked Apollo to send a plague into the anny of Hippotes while he was on his march to Peloponnesus. Apollo Avas afterwards propitiated by the introduction of the worship of Apollo Cameius. (Paus. iii. 13. § 3 ; Schol. ad Theocnt. v. 83.) Others believed that Apollo was thus called from his favourite Carnus or Cameius, a son of Zeus and Europa, whom Leto and Apollo had brought up. (Paus. /. c. ; Hesych. s. v. Kapv€7os.) Several other attempts to explain the name are given in Pausa- nias and the Scholiast on Theocritus. It is evident, however, that the worship of the Carneian Apollo was very ancient, and was probably established in Peloponnesus even before the Dorian conquest. Respecting the festival of the Carneia see Did. of Ant. s. V. Kdpvfia. [L. S.] CARNEIUS (Kapvuos), a Cynic philosopher, who is sumamed Cynukus (KvvovXkos), that is, the leader of dogs or Cynics, or, in other words, the leader and teacher of Cj-nic philosophers. He was a native of Megara, but nothing further is known of him. (Athen. iv. p. 156.) [L. S.] CARNU'LIUS, was accused, in the reign of Tiberius, of some crime not now known, and put an end to liis own life to escape the cruel tortures inflicted by Tiberius upon other victims. When Tiberius heard of his death, he was grieved at losing an opportunity of killing a man in his own way, and exclaimed Car7tulizis me evasit. (Suet, Tcb.6.) [L.S.] CARPA'THIUS, JOANNES {^looiwns Kap- vdBios), a bishop of the island of Carpathos, of un- certain date. At the request of the monks of India he wrote to them a consolatoiy work in 1 00 chap- ters, entitled 7rp3s tous diro ttjs 'IvStos trporperpavras fiovaxods ■napaKKii]TiK6v. (Phot. Cod 201.) This work is still extant, and a Latin translation of it by J. Pontanus is printed at the end of his "Diop- trae Philippi Solitarii," Ingolstadt, 1654, 4to., and in the " Bibliotheca Patrum," xii. p. 535, &c,, The Greek original, as well as some other ascetic M-orks of his, are still extant in MS. (Fabric. IHbl. Graec. x. p. 738, &c.. xi. p. 173.) [L. S.] CARPA'THIUS PHILO. [Phii.o.] CARPHY'LLIDES {Kap<pvKih-ns a Greek poet, of whom there are extiiiit two elegant epi- grams in the Greek Anthology, (vii. 260, ix. 52.) The name of the author of the second epigram is sometimes written Carpyllides; but whether this is a mere mistake, or whether Carpyllides is a dif- ferent person from Carphyllides, cannot be ascer- tained. [L. S.] L. CARPINA'TIUS, the pro-magister or de- CARRINAS. 615 puty-mannger of the company of publicani, who farmed the script ura (see Diet, of Ant. s. f.) in Sicily during the government of Verres, with whom he was verj' intimate. He is called by Cicero a second Timarchides, who was one of the chief agents of Verres in his robberies and oppressions. (Cic. Verr. 70, 76, iii. 71.) CA'RPIO, an architect, who, in company with Ictinus, wrote a book concerning the Parthenon. (Vitr. vii. praef. 12.) [W. I.] C ARPO'PHORI (Kapiro(^(^poi), the fruitbearers, a surname of Demeter and Cora, under which they were worshipped at Tegea. (Paus. viii. 53. § 3.) Demeter Carpophoros appears to have been wor- shipped in Paros also. (Ross, lieisen auf den Griech. Inseln, i. p. 49.) [L. S.] CARRHE'NES. [Carrenes.] CARRI'NAS or CARI'NAS, the name of a Roman family, but the gens to which it belonged is nowhere mentioned : Havercamp ( l^hes. Morell. p. 497) supposes it to be a cognomen of the Albia gens. ]. C. Carrinas, is mentioned first as the com- mander of a detachment of the Marian party, with which he attacked Pompey, who was levying troops in Picenum to strengthen the forces of Sulla in b. c. 83, immediately after his arrival in Italy. In the year after, B. c. 82, Can-inas was legate of the consul Cn. Papirius Carbo [Carbo, No. 7.], and fought a battle on the river Aesis, in Umbria, against Metellus, in which however he was beaten. He was attacked soon after in the neigh- bourhood of Spoletium, by Pompey and Crassus, two of Sulla's generals, and after a loss of nearly 3000 men, he was besieged by the enemy, but found means to escape during a dark and stormy night. After Carbo had quitted Italy, Carrinas and Marcius continued to command two legions ; and after joining Damasippus and the Samnites, who were still in arms, they marched towards the passes of Praeneste, hoping to force their way through them and relieve Marius, who was still besieged in that town. But when this attempt failed, they set out against Rome, which they hoped to conquer without difficulty, on account of its want of provisions. They encamped in the neighbourhood of Alba. Sulla, however, hastened after them, and pitched his camp near the Colline gate. A fearful battle was fought here, which began in the evening and lasted the whole night, until at last Sulla took the camp of the enemy. Carrinas and the other leaders took to flight, but he and Marcius were overtaken, and put to death by command of Sulla. Their heads were cut off and sent to Praeneste, where they were carried round the walls to inform Marius of the destruc- tion of his friends. ( Appian, B. C. i. 87, 90, 92, 93; Plut. Pomp. 7 ; Oros. v. 21 ; Eutrop. v. 8.) 2. C. Carrinas, a son of No. 1, was sent by Caesar, in b. c. 45, into Spain against Sext. Poni- peius, but as he did not accomplish anything, he was superseded by Asinius Pollio. In 43, after the establishment of the triumvirate, Carrinas was appointed consul for the remainder of the year, together with P. Ventidius. Two years later, b. c. 41, he received from Octavianus the admi- nistration of the province of Spain, where he haS to carry on war with the Mauretanian Bocchus. In 36, he was sent with three legions against Sext Pompeius in Sicily; and about 31, we find him as proconsul in Gaul, where he was successful