Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/387

HELIODORUS. 20, 24 ; Theophan. Chronog. vol. i. p, 134, ed. Bonn ; Tillemont, Hist, des Emp. vol. vi.) [J.C M.] HELIOCLES ('HAto/fATjs), a king of Bactria, or of the Indo-Bactrian provinces south of the Paropamisus, known only from his coins. Many of these are bilingual, having Greek inscriptions on the one side, and Arian characters on the re- verse: whence it is inferred that he must have flourished in the interval between the death of Eucratides and the destruction of the Greek king- dom of Bactria, B. c. 127. It appears probable also, from one of his coins, that he must have reigned at one time conjointly with, or subordinate to Eucratides : and Lassen, Mionnet, and Wilson, conceive him to be the son of Eucratides, who is mentioned by Justin as being at first associated with his father in the sovereign power, and who afterwards put him to death. (Justin, xli. 6 ; Las- sen, Gesch. der Bactr, Konige ; Wilson's Ariana, p. 262.) [E. H. B.] HELIODO'RUS ('HAto'Swpos), the treasurer of Seleucus Philopator, king of Syria, murdered his master, and attempted to seize the crown for himself, but was expelled by Eumenes and Attalus, of Pergamus, who established Antiochus Epiphanes in the kingdom, B.C. 175. (Ap- pian, Si/r. 45 ; Liv. xli. 24.) The well-known story of his being sent by Seleucus to rob the temple at Jerusalem, and of his miraculous punish- ment (2 Maccah. iii.), is rendered somewhat suspicious by the silence of Josephus. The author of the anonymous work on the Maccabees tells the story of ApoUonius, instead of Heliodorus, and says nothing about the miraculous part of it. {De Maccah. 4.) [P. S.] HELIODO'RUS, praefectus urbi at Constanti- nople, A. D. 432, is probably the Heliodorus men- tioned with a high encomium by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy, in a letter included in the works of Cassiodorus. A person of the same name, possibly the same person, was comes sacra- rum largitionum, a. d. 468. (Cod. Theod. 6. tit. 24, $ 11, with the note of Gothofredus ; Cassiodor. Vanar. i. 4.) [J. C. M.] HELIODO'RUS {'HKioSwpos), literary :— 1. Poets. 1. Of Athens. A tragedian, and author of a poem entitled ciTroAi/Tt/ca, from which Galen quotes some verses about poisons. {De An- tidot. ii. 7, vol. xiv. p. 145; Welcker, die Griech. Tragod. p. 1 323.) 2. The author of a poem entitled Protesilam^ from which Stephanus Byzantinus, (s. v. ^vKdKt]) quotes an hexameter verse. 3. The author of a poem entitled 'iTaXiKoi @ed- fxara^ from which Stobaeus (/Von/, tit. 100, c, 6) quotes six verses. He probably lived after Cicero. (Meineke, Comm. Misc. Spec. i. 3, p. 38.) II. Philosophers, Rhetoricians, and Gram- marians. 1. A writer on metres, whose 'E7X€i- pl8iou is often quoted by Hephaestion, Rufinus, and others, and who also wrote lie pi fiovaiKrjs. (Pris- cian, de Fig. Num. ii. 396, ed. Krehl.) He was the father of the grammarian Irenaeus, and the teacher of Minutius Pacatas. He probably lived shortly before the time of Augustus. (Suid. s.v. Eipv^aios ; Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. i. p. 512, vol. vi. pp. 206, 344, 368, vol. viii. p. 126 ; Ritschl, Die Akxandr. BibL^p. 138, &c.) 2. Perhaps the same as the preceding, a gram- marian, whose commentaries on Homer are quoted by Eustathius and other scholiasts on Homer, and HELIODORUS. 373 by ApoUonius and Hesychius. Iriarte mentions some grammatical MSS. by a certain Heliodorus in the Royal Library at Madrid. (Villoison, Proleg. in Apollon. Lex. Horn. pp. 24, 61 ; Fabric. II. cc; Ritschl, I. c, who considers the Heliodorus who wrote scholia to the rex^V ypafjLfiaTiK^ of Dionysius Thrax, to be a different person.) 3. A rhetorician at Rome in the time of Au- gustus, whom Horace mentions as the companion of his journey to Brundisium, calling him " by far the most learned of the Greeks." {Sat. i. 5. 2, 3.) 4. A Stoic philosopher at Rome, who became a delator in the reign of Nero. Among his victims was his own disciple, Licinius Silanius. He was attacked by Juvenal (Sat. i. vv. 33, 35, and schol.). 5. A rhetorician, and also private secretary to the emperor Hadrian. He was a contemporary and rival of Dionysius of Miletus, who, we are told, once said to him, " The emperor can give you money and honour, but he cannot make you an orator." He was probably the same person as Heliodorus of Syria, who, as the reward of his skill in rhetoric, was made praefect of Egypt, and whose son, Avidius Cassius, attempted to usurp the purple in the reign of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. [Cassius Avidius,] (Dion, Ixix. 3, Ixxi. 22, and Reimarus ad loc.) Reimarus confounds Heliodorus with Hadrian's other secretary, Celer. That they were not the same person is proved by the distinct mention of both of them in an oration of Aristeides. ( Orat. Sac. iv. pp. 595, 602.) There can be little doubt that this is also the Heliodorus whom Aelius Spartianus mentions as a philosopher and friend of Hadrian, but who, the same writer tells us, suffered the usual fate of Hadrian's friends, and was abused by the emperor " famosissimis Uteris." (Spart. Had. 15, 16.) It is doubtful whether this Helio- dorus or the preceding [No. 3] is the grammarian who is satirically alluded to by the epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 11, vol. ii. pp. 327, 332.) 6. Philostratus relates the life of an Arabian sophist, Heliodorus, who lived under Caracalla, and gained the favour of the emperor in a curious way, and who, after his patron's death, was made the praefect of a certain island. {Vit. Sophist. 22.) III. Historian. An Athenian, surnamed rie^z- 7J777Trjs, wrote a description of the works of art in the Acropolis at Athens, which is quoted under the various titles, Hepl aKpoirSKews^ Tlepl toov 'Adrjvriai TpnrSSwu, ' Avad-/i/xaTa, and de Ai/ieniensium Anai/ie- matis. This work was one of the authorities for Pliny's account of the Greek artists. Heliodorus lived after the time of Antiochus Epiphanes, at least if he be the person meant in the first passage of Athenaeus now referred to. (Athen. ii. p. 45, c. vi. p. 229, e. ix. p. 406, c. ; Suid., Phot., Harpocrat. s. vv. 0eTTaA(Jy, Ni'ktj, 'OinjTwp, TLpoit^Kaia ; Plin. ElencJi. in Lib. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv.) He is also apparently mentioned in a passage of Plutarch as the author of a work UepX fivrj/xdrwu ( Vit. X. Orat. p. 849, c), but in that passage we should probably read AiSSupus for 'HKioSupos. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 448, ed, Westermann,) IV. Romance-writer, the author of the oldest and by far the best of the Greek romances, Helio- dorus, the son of Theodosius, was a native of Syria, and was born, not, as Photius says, at Aminda, but at Emesa, as he himself tells us at the BB 3