Polybius (i7. 63), who makes it 5 stadia, of Scylax
(v. KBuratnrot), who makes it 4 stadia, and of
Pliny (iv. 1) who makes it 500 paces. Anactoriom
is described by Strabo as "situated within the bay,"
while Actiom makes **the month of the bay."
(Strab. pp. 326, 451.) Anactorinm, therefbre,
must be placed on the promontory of C, Madonna,
[For its exact site, see Akaciobium.] The testi-
mony of Strabo is confirmed by tiiat of Dion
Cassius. The latter writer says (1. 12) that
< Actium is a temple of ApoUo, and is situated
before the mouth cS the strait of the Ambradot
gulf, over against the harbours of Nicopolis.'*
Cicero tells us (ad Fam, zvL 6, 9) that in ooasdng
from Patne to Corcyra he touched at Actium,
which he could hardly have done, if it were so far
out of his way as the inner strait between C. La
Scara and C. Madonna. Thus we come to the
conclusion that the promontory of Actium was the
modern La Punta (3), and that the temple of
Apollo was situated a little to the S., outside the
strait, probably near the Fort La Punta (5).
A few remarks are necessary respecting the site
of the battle, which has oonferTed its chief celebrity
upon Actium. The fleet of Antony was stationed
in the Bag ofPrevua (P). His Snoops had built
towers on each side of the mouth of the strait, and
they occupied the channel itself with their ^ips.
Their camp was near the temple of Apollo, on a
leyel spacious ground. Augustus was encamped
on the opposite coast of Epirus, (m the spot where
Nicopolis afterwards stood; his fleet appears to have
been stationed in the Bay of Gomaros, now the
harbour of Mitika, to the N. of Kicopolis, in the
Ionian sea. Antony was absent from his army at
Patrae; but as soon as he heard of the arrival
of Augustus, he proceeded to Actium, and after
a short time crossed over the strait to Prevesa,
and pitched his camp near that of Augustus. But
having experienced some misfortunes, he subse-
quently re-crossed the strait and joined the main
body of his army at Actium. By the advice of
Cleopatra he now determined to return to Egypt
He accordingly siuled out of the strait, but was
compelled by the manoeuvres of Augustus to fighL
Aft^ the battle had lasted some hours Cleopatra,
who was followed by Antony, sailed through the
middle of the contending fleets, and took to flighL
They succeeded in making their escape, but most
of their ships were destroyed. The battle was,
therefore, fought outside of the strait, between La
Punta and Prevesa (l(» t&p arwuv^ Dion Cass.
1. 31), and not in the Bay of Prevesa, as is stated
by some writers. (Di<m Cass. L 12, seq.; Leake,
Noritiem Greece^ voL iv. p. 28, seq.; Wolife, L c.)
A'DADA (A8a«o: Eth. 'AJofiftij, PtoL; 'A8a-
8e(rn in old edit, of Strabo; 'OSdSo, Hierocl.), a
town in Pisidia of uncertain site. On ooins of Var
lerian and Gallienus we find AAAAEHN. Adada
is mentioned in the Councils as the see of a bishop.
(Artemiod. ap, Strab, xii. p. 570; Ptol. v. 5. §8;
Hierocl. p. 674, with Wesseling's note.)
A'DANA (ri "AJoko: Fth, 'AJoyei/f), a town of
Cilicia, which keeps its ancient name, on the west
side of the Sams, now the Syhoon or Syhan, It
lay on the militaiy road from Tarsus to Lssus, in a
fertile ooontiy. There are the remains of a portico.
Pompey settled here some of the Cilician jnrates
whom he had compelled to submit. (Appian, Mith.
96.) Dion Cassius (xlvii. 31) speaks of Tarsus
and Adana being always quarrelling.[ G. L. ]
ADRAA.
ADANE (A«<£w», Philostorg. H, E. iii. 4), called
ATHANA by Plmy (vi. 28. s. 32), and ARABIA FELIX ('A^k cv8at/i«v), in the Periplus of
Arrian (p^ 14), now Aden^ the chief seaport in the
country of Homeiitae on the S. coast of Arabia.
It became at a very early period the great mart
for the trade between Egypt, Arabia, and India;
and although destroyed by the Romans, probably by
Aelius Gallus in his expedition against Arabia, iu
the reign of Augustus, it speedily revived, and has
ever since remained a place of note. It has revived
conspicuously within the last few years, having
feUen into the possession of the English, and become
one of the stations for the steamers which navigate
theRedSAu
A'DDUA (b 'ASoiJas: Adda), a liver of Gallia
Cissipina, one of the largest of the tributaries which
bring down the waters of the Alps to the Po. It rises
in the Rhaetian Alps near jBormio, and flows through
the VaUeUine, into the Lacus Larius or Logo di
Como, from which it again issues at its south- eastern
extremity near Lecco, and from tiienoe has a coui^
of above 50 miles to the Po, which it joins between
Placentia and Cremona. During this latter part of
its course it seems to have formed the limit between
the Insubres and the Cenomani. It is a broad and
rapd stream: the clearness of its blue waters, re-
sulting from their passage through a deep lake, is
alluded to by Claudian (Be VL Cons, Hon, 196).
Strabo erroneously places its sources in Mt. Adula,
where, according to him, the Rhine also rises: it is
probable that he was imperfectly acquainted tiith
this part of the Alps, and supposed the stream which
descends from the Splugen to the head of the lake
of Como to be the original Addua, instead of the
much larger river which enters it from the Vat-
tellme. (Strab. iv. pp. 192,204; v. p. 213; PUn.
iii. 16. 8.20; Pol.ii. 32, xxxiv. 10; TacJ^u^u.
40.)[ E. H. B. ]
ADIS or ADES ('A^is/Ahis: prob. Rkades),tL
considerable city of Africa, on the Gulf of Tunis, in
the Carthaginian territory, which Regulus besieged
and took, and before which he defeated the Cartha-
ginians, in the 10th year of the first Punic War,
B. c. 255. (PoL i. 30.) As there is no subsequent
mention of the place, it is supposed to have been
supplanted, or at least reduced to insignificance, by
the kter town of Maxula.[ P. S. ]
ADO'NIS (Aa«K«: Nahr el Ibrahim), a small river of Syria, which rising in Mount Libanus enters
the Mediterranean a few miles to the S. of Byblu^
Maundrell records the fact which he himself wi?
nessed, that after a sudden fall of rain, the river
descending in floods is tinged of a deep red by the
SOU of the hills in which it takes its rise, and imparts
this colour to the sea for a considerable distance.
Hence some have sought to explain the legend of the
beautiful Adonis, who was killed by a wild boar on
Mount Libanus (Strab. p. 755; Lucian, de Dea
Syr. I; Plin. v. 20.; Nonn. Dionys. iiL 80, xx. '
144.)' [ W. R. ]
ADOREUS, the name of a mountain of Galatia, now Elmah Dagh, in the neighbourhood of Pessinus, in Asia. Livy (xxxviii. 18.) says that it contains the source of the river Sangarius.[ G. L. ]
ADRAA (AJprfa, Euseb. OnomasL : "A^pa. Ptol. v. 15. § 23: LXX. 'EZpativ, *E^paiv: Eng.'Vers. Edrei: and probably the *hlpaxrc6s of Hierocles, p. 273: Draa), a town in Palestine, near the sources
