nearest to Lilybaenm, is called, both by Ptolemj and
Plmj, Aeouba (^Aiyovffd) ; but the latter erroneously
confounds it wi^ Aethusa. It is the largest of the
threei on which account its name was sometimes
eictended to the whole group (eU KoXo^fuvai Alyov-
acu, Pol. i. 44) ; it is now called Favignana, and
has a codsiderable population. 3. The northern-
most and smallest of ^e group, nearly opposite to
Drepanum, is called by Ptolemy Phorbantia
(^piarrla), but is pit^Mbly the same with the
Bucinna of Pliny, a name erroneously supposed by
Steph. B. (s. V. BooKiyya) to be that of a city c^
SicUy. It is now called Levanzo. (Ptol. ill. 4. §
17 Plin. iii.8.s. 14; Smyth's Sicily, pp.244--247.)
These islands derive au historical celebrity from
the great naval victory obtained by 0. Lutadus
Gatulns over the Carthaginians in b. c. 241, which
put an end to the First Punic War. Hanno, the
Carthaginian admiral, had previous to the battle
taken up his station at the island of Hiera, and
endeavoured to take advantage cf a fair wind to run
straight in to Drepanum, in order to relieve the
army uf Hamilcar Barca, then blockaded on Mount
Exyx; but he was intercepted by Catulus, and com-
pelled to engage oa disadvantageous terms. The
consequence was the complete defeat of the Cartha-
ginian fleet, of which 50 ships were sunk, and 70
taken by the enemy, with nearly 10,000 prisoners.
(Pol. 1. 60, 61; Died. mv. Exc H. p. 609; Liv.
Epit. xix.; Ores. iv. 10; Flor. ii. 1; Eutrop. ii. 27;
Com. Nep. Hamilc. I ; Mela, ii. 7 ; SH. Ital. i. 61.)
The bland of Aegusa has been supposed by many
writers to be the one described by Homer in the
Odyssey (ix. 116) as lying opposite to the land of
the Cyclopes, and abounding in wild goats. But all
such attempts to identify the localities described in
the wanderings of Uljnsses may be safely dismissed
as untenable. [ E. H. B. ]
AEGEIRA (Alytipa: Eth. Alytipdriis^ fern.
A<7cif)aTtT), a town of Achaia, and one of the 12
Achaean dties, situated between A^ae and Pellene,
is described by Polybius as opposite Mount Parnas-
sus, situated upon hills strong and difficult of ap-
proach, seven stadia from the sea, and near a river.
This river was probably the Crius, which flowed
into the sea, a little to the W. of the town. Ac-
cording to Pausanias the upper city was 12 stadia
from its port, and 72 stadia from the oracle of
Heracles Buraicus. (Herod. L 146; Strab. viii. p.
386; Pol. ii. 41, iv. 57; Pans. vu. 26. § 1; Plin.
iv. 6.) Pausanias (/. c.) relates that Aegdra occu-
jned the site of the Homeric Hyperesia ('TjrtpTjcirif
IIM 573,xv.254; Strab. p.383: Eth/rirfpnauvs),
and that it changed its name during the occupation
of the country by the lonians. He adds that the
ancient name still continued in use. Hcnce^we find
that Icarus of Hyperesia was proclaimed victor in
the 23rd Olympad. (Pans. iv. 15. § 1.) On the
decay of the neighbouring town of Aegae its inhab-
itants were transferred to Aegeira. (Strab. p. 386.)
In the first year of the Social war (b.c. 220)
Aegeira was surprised by a party of Aetolians, who
had set sail from the opposite town of Oeantheia in
Locris, but were driven out by the Aegiratans after
they had obtained possession of the place. (Pol. iv.
57, 58.) The most important of tiie public build-
ings of Aegeira was a temple of Zeus. It also con-
tained a very ancient temple of Apollo, and temples
of Artemis, of Aphrodite Urania, who was worshipped
in the town above all other divinities, and of the
AEGINA.
Syrian goddess. (Pans. viL26.) Theportof Aegein
Leake places at Mavra LUharia^ i. e., the Black
Rocks, to the left of which, on the summit of a hill,
are some vestiges of an ancient d^, which most
have been Aegeira. At the distance of 40 stadia
from Aegeira, through the mountains, there was a
fortress called Phelloe (4cAA<(i}, near Zakhuli)^
abounding in springs of water. (Pans. vii. 26. § 10;
Leake, Morea^ vol. iii. p. 387, seq.)
AEGIAE or AEGAEAE (AiVeu, Pans, ill 2L
§ 5 ; Alyoiai, Strab. p. 364: Limm)^ a town of La^
conia, at the distance of 30 stadia frtnn GythluiDf
supposed to be the same as the Homeric Angeise.
(Avyciof, U. ii. 583; comp. Steph. B. b.v.) It
possessed a temple and lake of Neptune. Its site is
placed by the French Commission at lAmnL, so called
from an extensive marsh in the valley of the eastern
branch of the river uf Pauavd, (Leake, Pdopo»-
nesiaca^ p. 170.)
AE'GIDA, a town of Istria, mentioned only by Pliny iii. 19. s. 23), which appears to have been in his time a place of little importance; but
from an inscription cited by Cluverius (Ital. p.210) it appears that it was restored by the emperor Justin II. who bestowed on it the name of Justinopolis. This inscription is preserved at Capo d'Istria, now a considerable town, situated on a small island joined to the mainland by a causeway, which appears to have been termed Aegidis Insula, and was probably the site of the Aegida of Pliny. [ E. H. B. ]
AE'GILA (ra ATyiXa), a town of Laconia with a temple of Demeter, of uncertain cite, but placed by Leake on the gulf of Skutari. (Paus. iv. 17. § 1; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 278.)
AEGI'LIA (A^y*Ai«). 1. Or Aegilus (h At-
yiKoSf Theoo*. L 147 : Eth. AiytXx^ds), a demos in Attica bd(mging to the tribe Antiochis, situated on the western coast between Lamptra and Sphettus. It
was celebrated for its figs. (At^tXidcs hrx^^^t
Athen. p. 652, e. ; Theocr. Z. c.) It is placed by
Leake at TzurelUf the site of a ruined village on the
shore, at the foot of Mt Eljrmbo. (Strab. p. 398 ;
Haxpocrat, Steph. B. s. v. ; Leake, Demi, p. 61.)
2. Or Aegileia (Ai7{A6ia), a small i^sland off
the western coast of Euboea, and near the town of
Styra, to which it belonged. Here the Persians left
the captive Eretrians, before they crossed over to
Marathon, b. c. 490. (Herod, vi. 101, 107.)
3. Or Aegila {^1yia : Cerigottd), a small island between Cythera and Crete. (PluL CUom. 31 ;
Steph. B. 8, V. ; Plin. iv. 12. s. 19.)
AEGIMU'RUS {hiyliJLOfios : Zotoamour or
Zembra), a lofty island, surrounded by dangerous
difls, off the coast of Africa, at the month of the
gulph of Carthage. (Liv. xxx. 24; Strab. pp. 123,
277, 834.) Pliny calls it Aegimori Aiae (v. 7);
and there is no doubt that it is Sie same as the Arae
of Virgil (Aen. i. 108). [ P. S. ]
AEGI'NA (ATyiyo: Eth, Alytv^rnis, AeginSta,
Aeginensis, fern. Alyivrrris: Adj. Alyiycuos, Alyanj-
rut6sj Aegineticus : Eghina),aai island in the Saronic
gulf, surrounded by Attica, Megaris, and Epidauros,
from each of which it was distant about 100 stadia.
(Strab. p. 375) It contains-about 41 square Englii^
miles, and is said by Strabo (I c.) to be 180 stadia
in circumference. In shape it is an irregular triangle.
Its western half consists of a plain, which, though
